Isoquinoline derivatives and isoquinoline combinatorial libraries

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on the isoquinoline ring. More specifically, the invention provides novel isoquinolines as well as novel libraries comprised of many such compounds, and methods of synthesizing the libraries.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application No. 60/037,974, filed Oct. 19, 1995, which was converted from U.S. Ser. No. 08/545,493, and is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on the isoquinoline ring. More specifically, the invention provides novel isoquinolines as well as novel libraries comprised of many such compounds, and methods of synthesizing the libraries.

2. Background Information

The process of discovering new therapeutically active compounds for a given indication involves the screening of all compounds from available compound collections. From the compounds tested one or more structure(s) is selected as a promising lead. A large number of related analogs are then synthesized in order to develop a structure-activity relationship and select one or more optimal compounds. With traditional one-at-a-time synthesis and biological testing of analogs, this optimization process is long and labor intensive. Adding significant numbers of new structures to the compound collections used in the initial screening step of the discovery and optimization process cannot be accomplished with traditional one-at-a-time synthesis methods, except over a time frame of months or even years. Faster methods are needed that allow for the preparation of up to thousands of related compounds in a matter of days or a few weeks. This need is particularly evident when it comes to synthesizing more complex compounds, such as isoquinolines.

Solid-phase techniques for the synthesis of peptides have been extensively developed and combinatorial libraries of peptides have been generated with great success. During the past four years there has been substantial development of chemically synthesized combinatorial libraries (SCLs) made up of peptides. The preparation and use of synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries has been described, for example, by Dooley in U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,053, Huebner in U.S. Pat. No. 5,182,366, Appel et al. in WO PCT 92/09300, Geysen in published European Patent Application 0 138 855 and Pirrung in U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,854. Such SCLs provide the efficient synthesis of an extraordinary number of various peptides in such libraries and the rapid screening of the library which identifies lead pharmaceutical peptides.

Combinatorial approaches have recently been extended to "organic," or non-peptide, libraries. The organic libraries to the present, however, are of limited diversity and generally relate to peptidomimetic compounds; in other words, organic molecules that retain peptide chain pharmacophore groups similar to those present in the corresponding peptide.

Combinatorial chemical methods have been applied to a limited number of heterocyclic compounds, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,514 to Ellman, U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,483 to Cody et al. and Goff and Zuckermann, J. Org. Chem., 60: 5748-5749 (1995). However, the heterocyclic libraries to date contain compounds of limited diversity and complexity. For example, the isoquinolines prepared by the methods of Goff and Zuckermann are limited, due to steric hindrance in the ringforming reactions utilized with respect to the types of substituents which can be incorporated onto the isoquinoline ring. The reactions utilized by Goff and Zuckermann were easily hindered by the steric bulk of the substituents to be added to the compounds, thus limiting the complexity of the resulting library of isoquinolines. Moreover, with heterocyclic combinatorial libraries to date, only a small number of compounds can be prepared in a given library.

Substituent limitations have been overcome for mixtures of peptides and peptidomimetics through the use of solid phase techniques versus solution-phase. An important step in the development of solid-phase techniques was the discovery of methods to identify active individual compounds from soluble mixtures of large numbers of compounds, as described, for example, by Rutter in U.S. Pat. No. 5,010,175 and Simon in WO PCT 91/19735. These soluble mixture methods, however, have rarely been applied to the syntheses of complex heterocyclic structures. There exists a need to develop more complex "organic" libraries based on heterocyclic medicinal compounds which would require less time and effort in the synthesis and testing needed to bring an organic pharmaceutical product to fruition. In short, improved methods for generating therapeutically useful heterocyclic compounds, such as isoquinoline derivatives, are desired.

This invention satisfies these needs and provides related advantages as well. The present invention overcomes the known limitations to classical organic synthesis of isoquinolines as well as the shortcomings of combinatorial chemistry with heterocycles. The present invention combines the techniques of solid-phase synthesis of heterocycles and the general techniques of synthesis of combinatorial libraries to prepare new isoquinoline compounds.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel isoquinoline compounds of the following formula, libraries containing such compounds, and to the generation of such combinatorial libraries composed of such compounds: ##STR1## wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, X and Y have the meanings provided below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel derivatives and libraries of novel derivatives of variously substituted isoquinoline compounds of Formula I: ##STR2##

In the above Formula I:

R¹ is C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, substituted naphthyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl or a group of the formula: ##STR3## wherein n and m are independently selected from a number 0 to 6; and Ar is an aryl group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, substituted phenyl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl;

R² is hydrogen atom, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cylcoalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl or a heterocyclic ring;

R³ R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are, independently, a hydrogen atom, halo, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, a heterocyclic ring, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, cyclic C₂ to C₇ alkylene, substituted cyclic C₂ to C₇ alkylene, cyclic C₂ to C₇ heteroalkylene, substituted cyclic C₂ to C₇ heteroalkylene, carboxy, protected carboxy, hydroxymethyl, protected hydroxymethyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, C₁ to C₄ alkylthio, C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfoxide, phenylthio, substituted phenylthio, phenylsulfoxide, substituted phenylsulfoxide, phenylsulfonyl or substituted phenylsulfonyl;

X is hydroxy, protected carboxy, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, an amino acid, aniline, substituted aniline or an amino-substituted heterocyclic ring; and

Y is CO₂ H, SH, NHR⁷ or C(O)NHR⁷, wherein R⁷ is a hydrogen atom, C₁ to C₆ alkyl or C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl.

For R¹ defined above, n and m are independently selected from a number 0 to 6. Preferably, n and m are independently selected from 0 to 4 and, more preferably, from 0 to 3.

In one embodiment of the above isoquinoline compounds, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, X and Y are as defined above, with the exception that R² is other than a hydrogen atom and, therefore, R² is C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cylcoalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl or a heterocyclic ring.

Also, another embodiment is where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, X and Y are as defined for Formula I or as defined by any of the above-preferred embodiments, with the exception that R⁵ is other than C₁ to C₇ alkoxy and, more preferably, is not methoxy, and even more preferably, when R² is a hydrogen atom, R⁵ is other than C₁ to C₇ alkoxy.

In yet a further embodiment of the present invention, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, X and Y are as defined for Formula I, with the exception that X is not amino or protected amino and is, therefore, hydroxy, protected carboxy, (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, an amino acid, aniline, substituted aniline or an amino-substituted heterocyclic ring.

Another embodiment of the invention is where R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, X and Y are as defined above and R² is other than hydrogen or C₁ to C₆ alkyl and is, therefore:

R² is C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cylcoalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl or a heterocyclic ring.

Another embodiment of the invention is where R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and Y are as defined above and R2 is other than hydrogen or C₁ to C₆ alkyl and is, therefore:

R² is C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cylcoalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl or a heterocyclic ring; and

X is hydroxy, protected carboxy, (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted) amino, an amino acid, aniline, substituted aniline or an amino-substituted heterocyclic ring.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the isoquinoline compounds have R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, X and Y as defined above following Formula I, or as defined in any of the above preferred embodiments, with the proviso that X is not a guanidinium group or, alternatively, with the proviso that when X is an amino acid it is other than the amino acid Lys, Arg, or a functional equivalent thereof containing a guanidium group.

In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the isoquinoline compounds are wherein:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of methylene, 1,2-ethyl, 1,4-butyl, 1,6-hexyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,2-ethyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,5-pentyl, (r)-(1-methyl)-1,2-ethyl, (s)-(1-(methyl)-1,2-ethyl), ##STR4## R² is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl, 1-methylindol-3-yl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl, 2-furyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-pyridinyl, 2-thiophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl, 3-furyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 3-pyridinyl, 3-thiophen-yl, 4-(3-dimethylaminoprop-1-oxy)phenyl, 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(methylthio)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-biphenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-methoxy-1-naphthyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-pyridinyl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl, 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, 5-nitro-2-furyl, 6-methyl-2-pyridinyl and phenyl;

R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ are independently a hydrogen atom;

X is selected from the group consisting of aminocyclopropyl, aminoisopropyl, 3-aminopropyl, aminoethanolyl, (aminomethyl)cyclopropyl, pyrrolidyl, aminodiethyl, amino-2-methoxyethyl, aminocyclopentyl, piperidinyl, 1-(pyrrolidin-3-ol), aminoamyl, amino-(2-(N,N-dimethyl)ethyl, azetidinyl, aminofurfuryl, 2-aminofurfuryl, 2-aminothiazolyl, 1-aminopiperidinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl, 4-aminomorpholinyl, aminodiethanol, 2-(aminomethyl)pyridinyl, histaminyl, 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidinyl, (+)-3-hydroxy piperidine, (s)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine, 1-amino-4-methylpiperazinyl, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethyl, 1-aminopyrrolidinyl, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazolyl, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl, 1-amino-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl, trans-aminocyclohexan-2-olyl, tryptaminyl, 1-aminomethyladamantanyl, amino-2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl, α-N-glycinyl, α-N-lysinyl, α-N-aspartyl, α-N-tyrosinyl, α-N-serinyl, (+)-3-aminopropyl-1,2-diol, (-)-3-amino-propyl-1,2-diol, (+)-aminotetrahydrofurfuryl, (-)-aminotetrahydrofurfuryl, (+)-exo-2-aminonorbornanyl, (-)-exo-2-aminonorbornanyl, cis-decahydroquinolinyl, trans-decahydroquinolinyl, (+)-3-aminoquinuclidinyl and (-)-3-aminoquinuclidinyl; and

Y is C(O)NH₂.

In yet another preferred embodiment,

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of methylene, 1,2-ethyl, 1,4-butyl, 1,6-hexyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,-ethyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,5-pentyl, (r)-(1-methyl)-1,2-ethyl, (s)-(1-methyl)-1,2-ethyl), ##STR5## R² is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl, 1-methylindole-3-yl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl, 2-furyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-pyridinyl, 2-thiophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl, 3-furyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 3-pyridinyl, 3-thiophenyl, 4-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl, 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(methylthio)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-biphenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-methoxy-1-naphthyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-pyridinyl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl, 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, 5-nitro-2-furyl, 6-methyl-2-pyridinyl and phenyl;

R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ are independently a hydrogen atom;

X is selected from the group consisting of anilinyl, 2-fluoroanilinyl, 3-fluoroanilinyl, 4-fluoroanilinyl, 2-chloroanilinyl, 3-chloroanilinyl, 4-chloroanilinyl, 2-bromoanilinyl, 3-bromoanilinyl, 4-bromoanilinyl, 2-methoxyanilinyl, 3-methoxyanilinyl, 4-methoxyanilinyl, 2-hydroxyanilinyl, 3-hydroxyanilinyl, 4-hydroxyanilinyl, 2-carboethoxyanilinyl, 3-carboethoxyanilinyl, 4-carboethoxyanilinyl, 2-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 3-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 4-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 2-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 3-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 4-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 2-phenoxyanilinyl, 3-phenoxyanilinyl, 4-phenoxyanilinyl, 3,4-methylenedioxyanilinyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyanilinyl, 2,3-difluoroanilinyl, 2,3-dibromoanilinyl, 3,4-dibromoanilinyl, 2,3-dimethoxyanilinyl, 3,4-dimethoxyanilinyl, 1-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 2-hydroxy-3-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 2-aminonaphthyl, 1-amino-4-chloronaphthyl, 1-amino-4-bromonaphthyl, 5-amino-1-hydroxynaphthyl, 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthyl, 5-aminoindanyl, 1-aminofluorenyl, 2-aminofluorenyl and N-methylanilinyl; and

Y is C(O)NH₂.

In the above Formula I, the R¹ -Y substituents are such that Y is always bonded to the 1-position of the R¹ radical. All naming hereinafter reflects this positioning between the two substituents.

In the above Formula I, the stereochemistry of chiral centers associated with the R¹ through R⁷ groups can independently be in the R or S configuration, or a mixture of the two.

In the above Formula I, the term "C₁ to C₆ alkyl" denotes such radicals as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, amyl, tert-amyl, hexyl and the like. The preferred "C₁ to C₆ alkyl" group is methyl.

The term "C₂ to C₇ alkenyl" denotes such radicals as vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 5-heptenyl, 6-heptenyl, as well as dienes and trienes of straight and branched chains.

The term "C₂ to C₇ alkynyl" denotes such radicals as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl, as well as di- and tri-ynes of straight and branched chains.

The term "C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl," "C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl," and "C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl," denotes that the above C₁ to C₆ alkyl groups and C₂ to C₇ alkenyl and alkynyl groups are substituted by one or more, and preferably one or two, halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxo, protected oxo, cyclohexyl, naphthyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted) amino, (disubstituted) amino, guanidino, heterocyclic ring, substituted heterocyclic ring, imidazolyl, indolyl, pyrrolidinyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, nitro, C₁ to C₇ alkyl ester, carboxy, protected carboxy, carbamoyl, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, protected N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, N,N-di(C₁ to C₆ alkyl) carboxamide, cyano, methylsulfonylamino, thio, C₁ to C₄ alkylthio or C₁ to C₄ alkyl sulfonyl groups. The substituted alkyl groups may be substituted once or more, and preferably once or twice, with the same or with different substituents.

Examples of the above substituted alkyl groups include the 2-oxo-prop-1-yl, 3-oxo-but-1-yl, formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, cyanomethyl, nitromethyl, chloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyloxymethyl, trityloxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl, amino, methylamino, aminomethyl, dimethylamino, carboxymethyl, allyloxycarbonylmethyl, allyloxycarbonylaminomethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, t-butoxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, iodomethyl, trifluoromethyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 2,4-dichloro(n-butyl), 2-aminopropyl, chloroethyl, bromoethyl, fluoroethyl, iodoethyl, chloropropyl, bromopropyl, fluoropropyl, iodopropyl and the like.

Examples of the above substituted alkenyl groups include styrenyl, 3-chloro-propen-1-yl, 3-chloro-buten-1-yl, 3-methoxy-propen-2-yl, 3-phenyl-buten-2-yl, 1-cyano-buten-3-yl and the like. The geometrical isomerism is not critical, and all geometrical isomers for a given substituted alkenyl can be used.

Examples of the above substituted alkynyl groups include phenylacetylen-1-yl, 1-phenyl-2-propyn-1-yl and the like.

The term "oxo" denotes a carbon atom bonded to two additional carbon atoms substituted with an oxygen atom doubly bonded to the carbon atom, thereby forming a ketone moiety.

The term "protected oxo" denotes a carbon atom bonded to two additional carbon atoms substituted with two alkoxy groups or twice bonded to a substituted diol moiety, thereby forming an acyclic or cyclic ketal moiety.

The term "C₁ to C₇ alkoxy" as used herein denotes groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy and like groups. A preferred alkoxy is methoxy.

The term "C₁ to C₇ acyloxy" denotes herein groups such as formyloxy, acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy, heptanoyloxy and the like.

Similarly, the term "C₁ to C₇ acyl" encompasses groups such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, benzoyl and the like. Preferred acyl groups are acetyl and benzoyl.

The substituent term "C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl" includes the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl rings. The substituent term "C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl" indicates the above cycloalkyl rings substituted by one or two halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, oxo, protected oxo, (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, protected carboxy, phenyl, substituted phenyl, amino, or protected amino groups.

The term "5 to C₇ cycloalkenyl" indicates a 1,2, or 3-cyclopentenyl ring, a 1,2,3 or 4-cyclohexenyl ring or a 1,2,3,4 or 5-cycloheptenyl ring, while the term "substituted C₅ to C₇ cycloalkenyl" denotes the above C₅ to C₇ cycloalkenyl rings substituted by a C₁ to C₆ alkyl radical, halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, protected carboxy, oxo, protected oxo, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted)amino (disubstituted)amino, phenyl, substituted phenyl, amino, or protected amino.

The term "heterocyclic ring" denotes optionally substituted five-membered or six-membered rings that have 1 to 4 heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen, in particular nitrogen, either alone or in conjunction with sulfur or oxygen ring atoms. These five-membered or six-membered rings may be saturated, fully saturated or partially unsaturated, with fully saturated rings being preferred. An "amino-substituted heterocyclic ring" means any one of the above-described heterocyclic rings is substituted with at least one amino group. Preferred heterocyclic rings include morpholino, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofurano, pyrrolo, and tetrahydrothiophen-yl.

The abbreviation "Ar" stands for an aryl group. Aryl groups which can be used with present invention include phenyl, substituted phenyl, as defined above, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl. The term "heteroaryl" means a heterocyclic aromatic derivative which is a five-membered or six-membered ring system having from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen, in particular nitrogen, either alone or in conjunction with sulfur or oxygen ring atoms. Examples of heteroaryls include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolo, furano, oxazolo, isoxazolo, thiazolo and the like.

The term "substituted heteroaryl" means the above-described heteroaryl is substituted with, for example, one or more, and preferably one or two, substituents which are the same or different which substituents can be halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, carboxy, protected carboxy, carboxymethyl, protected carboxymethyl, hydroxymethyl, protected hydroxymethyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted) amino, protected (monosubstituted) amino, (disubstituted)amino carboxamide, protected carboxamide, N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, protected N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, N, N-di(C₁ to C₆ alkyl), trifluoromethyl, N-((C₁ to C₆ alkyl)sulfonyl)amino or N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino groups.

The term "C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl" denotes a C₁ to C₆ alkyl group substituted at any position by a phenyl ring. Examples of such a group include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenyl(n-propyl), 4-phenylhexyl, 3-phenyl(n-amyl), 3-phenyl(sec-butyl) and the like. Preferred C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl groups are the benzyl and the phenylethyl groups.

The term "C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl" denotes a C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl group substituted on the C₁ to C₆ alkyl portion with one or more, and preferably one or two, groups chosen from halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxo, protected oxo, amino, protected amino, monosubstituted) amino, protected (monosubstituted) amino, (disubstituted)amino, guanidino, heterocyclic ring, substituted heterocyclic ring, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, nitro, carboxy, protected carboxy, carbamoyl, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, protected N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, N, N-(C₁ to C₆ dialkyl)carboxamide, cyano, N-((C₁ to C₆ alkylsulfonyl)amino, thiol, C₁ to C₄ alkylthio, C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfonyl groups; and/or the phenyl group may be substituted with one or more, and preferably one or two, substituents chosen from halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, carboxy, protected carboxy, carboxymethyl, protected carboxymethyl, hydroxymethyl, protected hydroxymethyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl) carboxamide, protected N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl) carboxamide, N, N-di(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, trifluoromethyl, N-((C₁ to C₆ alkyl)sulfonyl)amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino or a phenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted, for a resulting biphenyl group. The substituted alkyl or phenyl groups may be substituted with one or more, and preferably one or two, substituents which can be the same or different.

Examples of the term "C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl" include groups such as 2-phenyl-1-chloroethyl, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, 4-(2,6-dihydroxy phenyl-n-hexyl, 2-(5-cyano-3-methoxyphenyl)n-pentyl, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)n-propyl, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzyl, 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-carboxy(n-hexyl), 5-(4-aminomethylphenyl)-3-(aminomethyl)n-pentyl, 5-phenyl-3-oxo-n-pent-1-yl and the like.

The term "substituted phenyl" specifies a phenyl group substituted with one or more, and preferably one or two, moieties chosen from the groups consisting of halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, carboxy, protected carboxy, carboxymethyl, protected carboxymethyl, hydroxymethyl, protected hydroxymethyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, protected N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, N, N-di(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, trifluoromethyl, N-((C₁ to C₆ alkyl)sulfonyl)amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino or phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted, such that, for example, a biphenyl results.

Examples of the term "substituted phenyl" includes a mono- or di(halo)phenyl group such as 2, 3 or 4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 2, 3 or 4-bromophenyl, 3,4-dibromophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2, 3 or 4-fluorophenyl and the like; a mono or di(hydroxy)phenyl group such as 2, 3 or 4-hydroxyphenyl, 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl, the protected-hydroxy derivatives thereof and the like; a nitrophenyl group such as 2, 3 or 4-nitrophenyl; a cyanophenyl group, for example, 2, 3 or 4-cyanophenyl; a mono- or di(alkyl)phenyl group such as 2, 3 or 4-methylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2, 3 or 4-(iso-propyl)phenyl, 2, 3 or 4-ethylphenyl, 2, 3 or 4-(n-propyl)phenyl and the like; a mono or di(alkoxyl)phenyl group, for example, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 2, 3 or 4-methoxyphenyl, 2, 3 or 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2, 3 or 4-(isopropoxy)phenyl, 2, 3 or 4-(t-butoxy)phenyl, 3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl and the like; 2, 3 or 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; a mono- or dicarboxyphenyl or (protected carboxy)phenyl group such as 2, 3 or 4-carboxyphenyl or 2,4-di(protected carboxy)phenyl; a mono- or di(hydroxymethyl)phenyl or (protected hydroxymethyl)phenyl such as 2, 3, or 4-(protected hydroxymethyl)phenyl or 3,4-di(hydroxymethyl)phenyl; a mono- or di(aminomethyl)phenyl or (protected aminomethyl)phenyl such as 2, 3 or 4-(aminomethyl)phenyl or 2,4-(protected aminomethyl)phenyl; or a mono- or di(N-(methylsulfonylamino))phenyl such as 2, 3 or 4-(N-(methylsulfonylamino))phenyl. Also, the term "substituted phenyl" represents disubstituted phenyl groups wherein the substituents are different, for example, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2-methoxy-4-bromophenyl, 4-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl, 2-hydroxy 4-chlorophenyl and the like.

The term "substituted aniline" specifies an aniline group substituted with one or more, and preferably one or two, moieties chosen from the groups consisting of halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, carboxy, protected carboxy, carboxymethyl, protected carboxymethyl, hydroxymethyl, protected hydroxymethyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, protected N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, N, N-di(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, trifluoromethyl, N-((C₁ to C₆ alkyl)sulfonyl)amino and N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino.

Examples of substituted aniline includes, for example, 2-fluoroanilinyl, 3-fluoroanilinyl, 4-fluoroanilinyl, 2-chloroanilinyl, 3-chloroanilinyl, 4-chloroanilinyl, 2-bromoanilinyl, 3-bromoanilinyl, 4-bromoanilinyl, 2-methoxyanilinyl, 3-methoxyanilinyl, 4-methoxyanilinyl, 2-hydroxyanilinyl, 3-hydroxyanilinyl, 4-hydroxyanilinyl, 2-carboethoxyanilinyl, 3-carboethoxyanilinyl, 4-carboethoxyanilinyl, 2-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 3-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 4-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 2-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 3-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 4-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 2-phenoxyanilinyl, 3-phenoxyanilinyl, 4-phenoxyanilinyl, 3,4-methylenedioxyanilinyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyanilinyl, 2,3-difluoroanilinyl, 2,3-dibromoanilinyl, 3,4-dibromoanilinyl, 2,3-dimethoxyanilinyl, 3,4-dimethoxyanilinyl, 1-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 2-hydroxy-3-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 2-aminonaphthyl, 1-amino-4-chloronaphthyl, 1-amino-4-bromonaphthyl, 5-amino-1-hydroxynaphthyl, 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthyl, 5-aminoindanyl, 1-aminofluorenyl, 2-aminofluorenyl and N-methylanilinyl.

The term "substituted naphthyl" specifies a naphthyl group substituted with one or more, and preferably one or two, moieties either on the same ring or on different rings chosen from the groups consisting of halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, carboxy, protected carboxy, carboxymethyl, protected carboxymethyl, hydroxymethyl, protected hydroxymethyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, protected N-(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, N, N-di(C₁ to C₆ alkyl)carboxamide, trifluoromethyl, N-((C₁ to C₆ alkyl)sulfonyl)amino or N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino.

Examples of the term "substituted naphthyl" includes a mono or di(halo)naphthyl group such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-chloronaphthyl, 2, 6-dichloronaphthyl, 2, 5-dichloronaphthyl, 3, 4-dichloronaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-bromonaphthyl, 3, 4-dibromonaphthyl, 3-chloro-4-fluoronaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-fluoronaphthyl and the like; a mono or di(hydroxy)naphthyl group such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-hydroxynaphthyl, 2, 4-dihydroxynaphthyl, the protected-hydroxy derivatives thereof and the like; a nitronaphthyl group such as 3- or 4-nitronaphthyl; a cyanonaphthyl group, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-cyanonaphthyl; a mono- or di(alkyl)naphthyl group such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-methylnaphthyl, 1, 2, 4-dimethylnaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-(isopropyl)naphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-ethylnaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-(n-propyl)naphthyl and the like; a mono or di(alkoxy)naphthyl group, for example, 2, 6-dimethoxynaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-methoxynaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-ethoxynaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-(isopropoxy)naphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-(t-butoxy)naphthyl, 3-ethoxy-4-methoxynaphthyl and the like; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-trifluoromethylnaphthyl; a mono- or dicarboxynaphthyl or (protected carboxy)naphthyl group such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-carboxynaphthyl or 2, 4-di(-protected carboxy)naphthyl; a mono-or di(hydroxymethyl)naphthyl or (protected hydroxymethyl)naphthyl such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-(protected hydroxymethyl)naphthyl or 3, 4-di(hydroxymethyl)naphthyl; a mono- or di(amino)naphthyl or (protected amino)naphthyl such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-(amino)naphthyl or 2, 4-(protected amino)-naphthyl, a mono- or di(aminomethyl)naphthyl or (protected aminomethyl)naphthyl such as 2, 3, or 4-(aminomethyl)naphthyl or 2, 4-(protected aminomethyl)naphthyl; or a mono- or di-(N-methylsulfonylamino)naphthyl such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-(N-methylsulfonylamino)naphthyl. Also, the term "substituted naphthyl" represents disubstituted naphthyl groups wherein the substituents are different, for example, 3-methyl-4-hydroxynaphth-1-yl, 3-chloro-4-hydroxynaphth-2-yl, 2-methoxy-4-bromonaphth-1-yl, 4-ethyl-2-hydroxynaphth-1-yl, 3-hydroxy-4-nitronaphth-2-yl, 2-hydroxy-4-chloronaphth-1-yl, 2-methoxy-7-bromonaphth-1-yl, 4-ethyl-5-hydroxynaphth-2-yl, 3-hydroxy-8-nitronaphth-2-yl, 2-hydroxy-5-chloronaphth-1-yl and the like.

The terms "halo" and "halogen" refer to the fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo groups. There can be one or more halogen, which are the same or different. Preferred halogens are chloro and fluoro.

The term "(monosubstituted)amino" refers to an amino group with one substituent chosen from the group consisting of phenyl, substituted phenyl, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substitued alkynyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl and heterocyclic ring. The (monosubstituted)amino can additionally have an amino-protecting group as encompassed by the term "protected (monosubstituted)amino."

The term "(disubstituted)amino" refers to amino groups with two substituents chosen from the group consisting of phenyl, substituted phenyl, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, and C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl. The two substituents can be the same or different.

The term "amino-protecting group" as used herein refers to substituents of the amino group commonly employed to block or protect the amino functionality while reacting other functional groups of the molecule. The term "protected (monosubstituted)amino" means there is an amino-protecting group on the monosubstituted amino nitrogen atom. In addition, the term "protected carboxamide" means there is an amino-protecting group on the carboxamide nitrogen.

Examples of such amino-protecting groups include the formyl ("For") group, the trityl group, the phthalimido group, the trichloroacetyl group, the chloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, and iodoacetyl groups, urethane-type blocking groups, such as t-butoxycarbonyl ("Boc"), 2-(4-biphenylyl)propyl-2-oxycarbonyl ("Bpoc"), 2-phenylpropyl-2-oxycarbonyl ("Poc"), 2-(4-xenyl)isopropoxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenylethyl-1-oxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenylpropyl-1-oxycarbonyl, 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl-2-oxycarbonyl ("Ddz"), 2-(p-toluyl)propyl-2-oxycarbonyl, cyclopentanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcyclopentanyloxycarbonyl, cyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-(4-toluylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(triphenylphosphino)ethoxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl ("Fmoc"), 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, 1-(trimethylsilylmethyl)prop-1-enyloxycarbonyl, 5-benzisoxalylmethoxycarbonyl, 4-acetoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-ethynyl-2-propoxycarbonyl, cyclopropylmethoxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl, 1-piperidyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl ("Cbz"), 4-phenylbenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylbenzyloxy-carbonyl, α-2,4,5,-tetramethylbenzyloxycarbonyl ("Tmz"), 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-cyanobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-(decyloxy)benzyloxycarbonyl and the like; the benzoylmethylsulfonyl group, dithiasuccinoyl ("Dts"), the 2-(nitro)phenylsulfenyl group ("Nps"), the diphenylphosphine oxide group and like amino-protecting groups. The species of amino-protecting group employed is not critical so long as the derivatized amino group is stable to the conditions of the subsequent reaction(s) and can be removed at the appropriate point without disrupting the remainder of the compounds. Preferred amino-protecting groups are Boc, Cbz and Fmoc. Further examples of amino-protecting groups embraced by the above term are well known in organic synthesis and the peptide art and are described by, for example, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1991, Chapter 7, M. Bodanzsky, "Principles of Peptide Synthesis," 1st and 2nd revised ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y., 1984 and 1993, and Stewart and Young, "Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis," 2nd ed., Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill., 1984, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The related term "protected amino" defines an amino group substituted with an amino-protecting group discussed above.

The term "carboxy-protecting group" as used herein refers to one of the ester derivatives of the carboxylic acid group commonly employed to block or protect the carboxylic acid group while reactions are carried out on other functional groups on the compound. Examples of such carboxylic acid protecting groups include t-butyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl, pentamethylbenzyl, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl, benzhydryl, 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl, 4,4',4"-trimethoxytrityl, 2-phenylpropyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, phenacyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, β-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, β-(di(n-butyl)methylsilyl)ethyl, p-toluenesulfonylethyl, 4-nitrobenzylsulfonylethyl, allyl, cinnamyl, 1-(trimethylsilylmethyl)-propenyl and like moieties. The species of carboxy-protecting group employed is not critical so long as the derivatized carboxylic acid is stable to the conditions of subsequent reaction(s) and can be removed at the appropriate point without disrupting the remainder of the molecule. Further examples of these groups are found in E. Haslam, "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry," J. G. W. McOmie, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 1973, Chapter 5, and T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, "Protective Groups in organic Synthesis," 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1991, Chapter 5, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. A related term is "protected carboxy," which refers to a carboxy group substituted with one of the above carboxy-protecting groups.

The term "hydroxy-protecting group" refers to readily cleavable groups bonded to hydroxyl groups, such as the tetrahydropyranyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl, methylthiomethyl, t-butyl, t-amyl, trityl, 4-methoxytrityl, 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl, 4,4',4"-trimethoxytrityl, benzyl, allyl, trimethylsilyl, (t-butyl)dimethylsilyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl groups and the like. The species of hydroxy-protecting groups is not critical so long as the derivatized hydroxyl group is stable to the conditions of subsequent reaction(s) and can be removed at the appropriate point without disrupting the remainder of the molecule. Further examples of hydroxy-protecting groups are described by C. B. Reese and E. Haslam, "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry," J. G. W. McOmie, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 1973, Chapters 3 and 4, respectively, and T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1991, Chapters 2 and 3.

The substituent term "C₁ to C₄ alkylthio" refers to sulfide groups such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, t-butylthio and like groups.

The substituent term "C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfoxide" indicates sulfoxide groups such as methylsulfoxide, ethylsulfoxide, n-propylsulfoxide, isopropylsulfoxide, n-butylsulfoxide, sec-butylsulfoxide and the like.

The term "C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfonyl" encompasses groups such as methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, t-butylsulfonyl and the like.

By "substituted phenylthio," "substituted phenyl sulfoxide," and "substituted phenylsulfonyl" is meant that the phenyl can be substituted as described above in relation to "substituted phenyl."

The substituent terms "cyclic C₂ to C₇ alkylene," ^(") substituted cyclic C₂ to C₇ alkylene," "cyclic C₂ to C₇ heteroalkylene," and "substituted cyclic C₂ to C₇ heteroalkylene," defines such a cyclic group bonded ("fused") to the phenyl radical resulting in a bicyclic ring system. The cyclic group may be saturated or contain one or two double bonds. Furthermore, the cyclic group may have one or two methylene or methine groups replaced by one or two oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms which are the the cyclic C₂ to C₇ heteroalkylene.

The cyclic alkylene or heteroalkylene group may be substituted once or twice by the same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of the following moieties: hydroxy, protected hydroxy, carboxy, protected carboxy, oxo, protected oxo, C₁ to C₄ acyloxy, formyl, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, carbamoyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₄ alkylthio, C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfoxide, C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfonyl, halo, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstitued)amino, (disubstituted)amino, hydroxymethyl or a protected hydroxymethyl.

The cyclic alkylene or heteroalkylene group fused onto the benzene radical can contain two to ten ring members, but it preferably contains three to six members. Examples of such saturated cyclic groups are when the resultant bicyclic ring system is 2,3-dihydro-indanyl and a tetralin ring. When the cyclic groups are unsaturated, examples occur when the resultant bicyclic ring system is a naphthyl ring or indolyl. Examples of fused cyclic groups which each contain one nitrogen atom and one or more double bond, preferably one or two double bonds, are when the phenyl is fused to a pyridino, pyrano, pyrrolo, pyridinyl, dihydropyrrolo, or dihydropyridinyl ring. Examples of fused cyclic groups which each contain one oxygen atom and one or two double bonds are when the phenyl ring is fused to a furo, pyrano, dihydrofurano, or dihydropyrano ring. Examples of fused cyclic groups which each have one sulfur atom and contain one or two double bonds are when the phenyl is fused to a thieno, thiopyrano, dihydrothieno or dihydrothiopyrano ring. Examples of cyclic groups which contain two heteroatoms selected from sulfur and nitrogen and one or two double bonds are when the phenyl ring is fused to a thiazolo, isothiazolo, dihydrothiazolo or dihydroisothiazolo ring. Examples of cyclic groups which contain two heteroatoms selected from oxygen and nitrogen and one or two double bonds are when the benzene ring is fused to an oxazolo, isoxazolo, dihydrooxazolo or dihydroisoxazolo ring. Examples of cyclic groups which contain two nitrogen heteroatoms and one or two double bonds occur when the benzene ring is fused to a pyrazolo, imidazolo, dihydropyrazolo or dihydroimidazolo ring or pyrazinyl.

One or more of the isoquinoline derivatives, even within a given library, may be present as a salt. The term "salt" encompasses those salts that form with the carboxylate anions and amine nitrogens and include salts formed with the organic and inorganic anions and cations discussed below. Furthermore, the term includes salts that form by standard acid-base reactions with basic groups (such as amino groups) and organic or inorganic acids. Such acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, succinic, citric lactic, maleic, fumaric, palmitic, cholic, pamoic, mucic, D-glutamic, d-camphoric, glutaric, phthalic, tartaric, lauric, stearic, salicyclic, methanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, sorbic, picric, benzoic, cinnamic, and like acids.

The term "organic or inorganic cation" refers to counterions for the carboxylate anion of a carboxylate salt. The counter-ions are chosen from the alkali and alkaline earth metals, (such as lithium, sodium, potassium, barium, aluminum and calcium); ammonium and mono-, di- and tri-alkyl amines such as trimethylamine, cyclohexylamine; and the organic cations, such as dibenzylammonium, benzylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium, phenylethylbenzylammonium, dibenzylethylenediammonium, and like cations. See, for example, "Pharmaceutical Salts," Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 66: 1-19 (1977), which is incorporated herein by reference. Other cations encompassed by the above term include the protonated form of procaine, quinine and N-methylglucosamine, and the protonated forms of basic amino acids such as glycine, ornithine, histidine, phenylglycine, lysine and arginine. Furthermore, any zwitterionic form of the instant compounds formed by a carboxylic acid and an amino group is referred to by this term. For example, a cation for a carboxylate anion will exist when R₂ or R₃ is substituted with a (quaternary ammonium)methyl group. A preferred cation for the carboxylate anion is the sodium cation.

The compounds of the above Formulae can also exist as solvates and hydrates. Thus, these compounds may crystallize with, for example, waters of hydration, or one, a number of, or any fraction thereof of molecules of the mother liquor solvent. The solvates and hydrates of such compounds are included within the scope of this invention.

One or more isoquinoline derivatives, even when in a library, can be in the biologically active ester form, such as the non-toxic, metabolically-labile ester-form. Such ester forms induce increased blood levels and prolong the efficacy of the corresponding non-esterified forms of the compounds. Ester groups which can be used include the lower alkoxymethyl groups, for example, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, isopropoxymethyl and the like; the α-(C₁ to C₇) alkoxyethyl groups, for example methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, propoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl and the like; the 2-oxo-1,3-diooxlen-4-ylmethyl groups, such as 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-ylmethyl, 5-phenyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-ylmethyl and the like; the C₁ to C₄ alkylthiomethyl groups, for example methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, iso-propylthiomethyl and the like; the acyloxymethyl groups, for example pivaloyloxymethyl, pivaloyloxyethyl, α-acetoxymethyl and the like; the ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl group; the α-acetoxyethyl; the 1-(C₁ to C₇ alkyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl groups such as the 1-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl group; and the 1-(C₁ to C₇ alkylaminocarbonyloxy)ethyl groups such as the 1-(methylaminocarbonyloxy)ethyl group.

The term "amino acid" includes any one of the twenty naturally-occurring amino acids or the D-form of any one of the naturally-occurring amino acids. In addition, the term "amino acid" also includes other non-naturally occurring amino acids besides the D-amino acids, which are functional equivalents of the naturally-occurring amino acids. Such non-naturally-occurring amino acids include, for example, norleucine ("Nle"), norvaline ("Nva"), β-Alanine, L- or D-naphthalanine, ornithine ("Orn"), homoarginine (homoArg) and others well known in the peptide art, such as those described in M. Bodanzsky, "Principles of Peptide Synthesis," 1st and 2nd revised ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y., 1984 and 1993, and Stewart and Young, "Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis," 2nd ed., Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill., 1984, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Amino acids and amino acid analogs can be purchased commercially (Sigma Chemical Co.; Advanced Chemtech) or synthesized using methods known in the art.

The amino acids are indicated herein by either their full name or by the commonly known three letter code. Further, in the naming of amino acids, "D-" designates an amino acid having the "D" configuration, as opposed to the naturally occurring L-amino acids. Where no specific configuration is indicated, one skilled in the art would understand the amino acid to be an L-amino acid. The amino acids can, however, also be in racemic mixtures of the D- and L-configuration.

As used herein, the phrase "any one of the twenty naturally-occurring amino acids" means any one of the following: Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val. As used herein, the language "the D-form of a naturally-occurring amino acid" means the D-isomer of any one of these naturally-occurring amino acids, with the exception of Gly, which does not occur as D or L isomers.

The compounds of Formula I and combinatorial libraries containing the same can be prepared as set forth in the Reaction Schemes below. The substituents R¹, R², R⁷, X and Y in the Reaction Schemes have the same meaning as those described above. Moreover, it should be appreciated from the Reaction Schemes that homophthalic anhydride, wherein each of R³, R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ are a hydrogen atom, is only an exemplary anhydride in the Reaction Schemes and that other anhydrides having the above-defined R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ substituents can alternatively be used. Further, the Y representation that Y is carboxamide is also exemplary and other Y groups can be used.

In brief, the isoquinoline compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme I. As depicted therein, a solid support resin-bound amine (1) (resin identified by ®) is reacted, in situ, with an aldehyde (2) and, thereby, converted to the corresponding imine (3). Addition of a cyclic anhydride, such as homophthalic anhydride (3), yields isoquinoline (4). ##STR6##

More specifically, as shown by Reaction Scheme II below, preparation of the isoquinolines and libraries containing the same are prepared by the following more detailed steps. First, diverse amino carboxylic acids which are amino-protected are coupled to resin, such as MBHA, MBA, Tentagel™ and the like as described below, using a carbodiimide coupling agent, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-ethyl-carbodiimide and the like and an activator such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 7-aza-1-hydroxybenzotriazole and the like in an aprotic polar solvent such as dichloromethane, dimethylformamide and the like at between 10° C. and 100° C., preferably at 25° C., for 2 to 24 hours, preferably 8 to 16 hours. Thereafter, the amino carboxylic acid is deprotected at the nitrogen with a secondary amine base using known conditions, such as, preferably piperidine (20% v/v), in DMF, (for Fmoc), trifluoroacetic acid (10-50% v/v) in dichloromethane (for Boc), for 5 to 60 minutes. Deprotection is followed by the free amino group being condensed with an aldehyde to the individual or mixtures of resin-bound amino carboxylic acids using, an orthoformate such as trimethyl or triethyl orthoformate as a scavenger for water, in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone or the like for a period of 1 to 24 hours, usually 3 to 5 hours at 20° C. to 75° C. and preferably at 25° C. Aldehyde condensation is followed by reaction under standard conditions with cyclic anhydride, in the case of Reaction Scheme II, homophthalic anhydride, and an amine base (e.g. a trialkylamine) in an aprotic solvent such as chloroform, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone for 2 to 36 hours and preferably 16 hours at 20° C. to 125° C., preferably at 20° C. to 30° C. to arrive at novel isoquinoline derivatives. Finally, the compounds were cleaved from the resin by the methods common to those skilled in the art and tested for biological activity. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that with certain resins, cleavage from the resin results in the functional group on the resin coming off the resin and being maintained with the cleaved compounds. For example, with an amino-resin, such as methylbenzhydrylamine resin, the amine group from the resin is cleaved off the resin and makes the isoquinoline(s) of interest an amide. ##STR7##

Resins which can serve as solid supports are well known in the art. Such resins include, for example, 4-methylbenzhydrylamine-copoly(styrene-1% divinylbenzene) (MBHA), 4-hydroxymethylphenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-1% divinylbenzene),4-oxymethyl-phenylacetamido-copoly(styrene-1% divinylbenzene) (Wang), and Tentagel™, from Rapp Polymere Gmbh, trialkoxy-diphenyl-methyl ester-copoly(styrene-1% divinylbenzene) (RINK) all of which are commercially available. Preparation of the combinatorial libraries can be by the "split resin approach." The split resin approach is described by, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,010,175 to Rutter, WO PCT 91/19735 to Simon, and Gallop et al., J. Med. Chem., 37: 1233-1251 (1994), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Exemplary amino carboxylic acids used in the above Reaction Scheme II include 2-aminoethanoic acid, 3-aminopropionic acid, 5-aminopentanoic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid, (s)-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid, (s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, (s)-3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid, (r)-3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid, 2-(2-aminoethoxyethoxy)acetic acid, trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid.

Exemplary aldehydes used in the above Reaction Scheme II are 1,4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde, 1-methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde, 2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde, 2-bromobenzaldehyde, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzaldehyde, 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,5,-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)benzaldehyde, 3-furaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-methyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 4-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy)benzaldehyde, 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, 4-(methylthio)benzaldehyde, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde, 4-biphenylcarboxaldehyde, 4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 4-cyanobenzaldehyde, 4-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde, 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and benzaldehyde.

Isoquinoline 4-carboxylic acids can be converted to alternatively substituted compounds having an amide or ester, or other functionality as defined by X, following Reaction Schemes III and IV. Briefly, as shown in Reaction Scheme III, condensation of the isoquinoline 4-carboxylic acid prepared by the above Reaction Schemes, is condensed with an amine or alcohol (4) in an aprotic solvent such as DMF to furnish the substituted isoquinoline (5). ##STR8##

More specifically, as shown in Reaction Scheme IV, preparation of the library containing alternatively substituted isoquinolines other than 4-carboxylic acids involved the following steps described above but not performing the cleavage from the resin step once the carboxylic acid is formed. Instead the free carboxylic acid of the newly formed isoquinoline compounds is first treated with N- (dimethylamino)-1H-1, 2, 3-triazolo 4, 5-b!pyridin-1-ylmethylene!-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate N-oxide (HATU, PerSeptive Biosystems, Farmingham, Mass.), and then different amines having varying R groups were added after dissolving in DMF, DMA, NMP, and the like. The reaction is allowed to proceed for 1 to 24 hours at 20° C. to 80° C., preferably at 25° C for 3 to 5 hours to yield various carboxamide derivatives. Finally, the compounds were cleaved from the resin as described above and tested for biological activity. ##STR9##

Pharmaceutical compositions containing the new isoquinoline derivatives are also included within the scope of the present invention; as are methods of using the compounds and compositions. The new isoquinoline compounds of the present invention can be used for a variety of purposes and indications. For example, isoquinolines are generally known to have antimicrobial activity. Thus the isoquinolines of the present invention can be used to treat infections. The ability of the compounds to inhibit bacterial growth can be determined by methods well known in the art. An exemplary in vitro antimicrobial activity assay is described in Blondelle and Houghten, Biochemistry 30: 4671-4678 (1991), which is incorporated herein by reference. In brief, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (Rockville, Md.) is grown overnight at 37° C. in Mueller-Hinton broth, then re-inoculated and incubated at 37° C. to reach the exponential phase of bacterial growth (i.e., a final bacterial suspension containing 10⁵ to 5×10⁵ colony-forming units/ml). The concentration of cells is established by plating 100 μl of the culture solution using serial dilutions (e.g., 10⁻², 10⁻³ and 10⁻⁴) onto solid agar plates. In 96-well tissue culture plates isoquinolines, individual or in mixtures, are added to the bacterial suspension at concentrations derived from serial two-fold dilutions ranging from 1500 to 2.9 μg/ml. The plates are incubated overnight at 37° C. and the growth determined at each concentration by OD₆₂₀ nm. The IC₅₀ (the concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of the growth of the bacteria) can then be calculated.

Isoquinolines are also known to be antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective agents as described, for example, in published European Patent Application 0 590 455 to Lal et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. Therein is also described assays for assessing the antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties of isoquinolines, such as the reperfusion induced arrhythmias assay in isolated rat heart.

Additional assays can be used to test the biological activity of the instant isoquinolines. Such as a competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and radio-receptor assays, both as described in greater detail below. The latter test, the radio-receptor assay, can be selective for either the μ or κ opiate receptors and is therefore an indication of isoquinolines' analgesic properties.

Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): The competitive ELISA method which can be used here is a modification of the direct ELISA technique described previously in Appel et al., J. Immunol. 144: 976-983 (1990), which is incorporated herein by reference. It differs only in the MAb addition step. Briefly, multi-well microplates are coated with the antigenic peptide (Ac-GASPYPNLSNQQT-NH₂) at a concentration of 100 pmol/50 μl. After blocking, 25 μl of a 1.0 mg/ml solution of each isoquinoline mixture of a synthetic combinatorial library (or individual isoquinoline) is added, followed by MAb 125-10F3 (Appel et al., supra) (25 μl per well). The MAb is added at a fixed dilution in which the isoquinoline in solution effectively competes for MAb binding with the antigenic peptide adsorbed to the plate. The remaining steps are the same as for direct ELISA. The concentration of isoquinoline necessary to inhibit 50% of the MAb binding to the control peptide on the plate (IC₅₀) is determined by serial dilutions of the isoquinoline.

Radio-Receptor Assay: Particulate membranes can be prepared using a modification of the method described in Pasternak et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 11: 340-351 (1975), which is incorporated herein by reference. Rat brains frozen in liquid nitrogen can be obtained from Rockland (Gilbertsville, Pa.). The brains are thawed, the cerebella removed and the remaining tissue weighed. Each brain is individually homogenized in 40 ml Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4, 4° C.) and centrifuged (Sorvall® RC5C SA-600: Du Pont, Wilmington, Del.) (16,000 rpm) for 10 mins. The pellets are resuspended in fresh Tris-HCl buffer and incubated at 37° C. for 40 mins. Following incubation, the suspensions are centrifuged as before, the resulting pellets resuspended in 100 volumes of Tris buffer and the suspensions combined. Membrane suspensions are prepared and used in the same day. Protein content of the crude homogenates generally range from 0.15-0.2 mg/ml as determined using the method described in M. M. Bradford, M. M., Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254 (1976), which is incorporated herein by reference.

Binding assays are carried out in polypropylene tubes, each tube containing 0.5 ml of membrane suspension. 8 nM of ³ H- D-Ala²,Me-Phe⁴,Gly-ol⁵ !enkephalin (DAMGO) (specific activity=36 Ci/mmol, 160,000 cpm per tube; which can be obtained from Multiple Peptide Systems, San Diego, Calif., through NIDA drug distribution program 271-90-7302) and 80 μg/ml of isoquinoline, individual or as a mixture and Tris-HCl buffer in a total volume of 0.65 ml. Assay tubes are incubated for 60 mins. at 25° C. The reaction is terminated by filtration through GF-B filters on a Tomtec harvester (Orange, Conn.). The filters are subsequently washed with 6 ml of Tris-HCl buffer, 4° C. Bound radioactivity is counted on a Pharmacia Biotech Betaplate Liquid Scintillation Counter (Piscataway, N.J.) and expressed in cpm. To determine inter- and intra-assay variation, standard curves in which ³ H-DAMGO is incubated in the presence of a range of concentrations of unlabeled DAMGO (0.13-3900 nM) are generally included in each plate of each assay (a 96-well format). Competitive inhibition assays are performed as above using serial dilutions of the isoquinolines, individually or in mixtures. IC₅₀ values (the concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of ³ H-DAMGO binding) are then calculated. As opposed to this μ receptor selective assay, assays selective for κ receptors can be carried out using ³ H!-U69,593 (3 nM, specific activity 62 Ci/mmol) as radioligand.

As pharmaceutical compositions for treating infections, arrhythmia, pain, or other indications known to be treatable by isoquinolines, the isoquinoline compounds of the present invention are generally in a pharmaceutical composition so as to be administered to a subject at dosage levels of from 0.7 to 7000 mg per day, and preferably 1 to 500 mg per day, for a normal human adult of approximately 70 kg of body weight, this translates into a dosage of from 0.01 to 100 mg/kg of body weight per day. The specific dosages employed, however, can be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the activity of the compound being employed. The determination of optimum dosages for a particular situation is within the skill of the art.

For preparing pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are used. The pharmaceutical carrier can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include, for example, powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets, and suppositories.

A solid carrier can be one or more substances which can also act as diluents, flavoring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, or tablet disintegrating agents; it can also be an encapsulating material.

In powders, the carrier is generally a finely divided solid which is in a mixture with the finely divided active component. In tablets, the active compound is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.

For preparing pharmaceutical composition in the form of suppositories, a low-melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides and cocoa butter is first melted and the active ingredient is dispersed therein by, for example, stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient-sized molds and allowed to cool and solidify.

Powders and tablets preferably contain between about 5% to about 70% by weight of the active ingredient. Suitable carriers include, for example, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, lactose, sugar, pectin, dextrin, starch, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a low-melting wax, cocoa butter and the like.

The pharmaceutical compositions can include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as a carrier providing a capsule in which the active component (with or without other carriers) is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in association with it. In a similar manner, cachets are also included.

Tablets, powders, cachets, and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.

Liquid pharmaceutical compositions include, for example, solutions suitable for oral or parenteral administration, or suspensions, and emulsions suitable for oral administration. Sterile water solutions of the active component or sterile solutions of the active component in solvents comprising water, ethanol, or propylene glycol are examples of liquid compositions suitable for parenteral administration.

Sterile solutions can be prepared by dissolving the active component in the desired solvent system, and then passing the resulting solution through a membrane filter to sterilize it or, alternatively, by dissolving the sterile compound in a previously sterilized solvent under sterile conditions.

Aqueous solutions for oral administration can be prepared by dissolving the active compound in water and adding suitable flavorants, coloring agents, stabilizers, and thickening agents as desired. Aqueous suspensions for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water together with a viscous material such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and other suspending agents known to the pharmaceutical formulation art.

Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form. In such form, the composition is divided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active isoquinoline. The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of the preparation, for example, packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampules. The unit dosage form can also be a capsule, cachet, or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these packaged forms.

The following Examples are intended to illustrate but not limit the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1

Combinatorial Library of Dihydroisoquinoline Derivatives

This Example provides a representative solid-phase combinatorial synthesis of a library which would contain approximately 525 derivatives of dihydroisoquinolines (DHQS).

Following the above Reaction Scheme II, preparation of a library containing the DHQs involves the following steps. Briefly, first, thirty five diverse amino carboxylic acid, varying at R¹, and including various amino-protected amino acids, are coupled to MBHA resin employing the tea-bag method of Houghten, et. al, as described, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,211 to Houghten and Houghten et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82: 5131-5135 (1985), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. After coupling and thorough washing the 35 tea-bags, each containing one resin-bound amino carboxylic acid, are opened and the resin beads combined and thoroughly mixed as a suspension in dichloromethane (DCM). The resins are isolated by filtration and dried under vacuum, then divided into 15 equal portions and resealed in 15 labeled tea-bags, each tea-bag now having a mixture of the 35 amino carboxylic acids. This is followed by condensing 15 aldehydes, each differing by their R² substituent, using triethylorthoformate as dehydrating agent with the tea-bag contained mixtures of resin-bound amino carboxylic acids. One tea-bag, each containing the 35 resin-bound carboxylic acids, is used for each aldehyde in a separate reaction. After washing with an anhydrous solvent the tea-bags are collectively reacted with homophthalic anhydride and triethylamine in anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) to arrive at a library of 525 derivatives of DHQ. Finally, the compounds are individually cleaved from the MBHA resin using a hydrogen fluoride (HF) procedure. The individual mixtures varying at R¹ and constant at R², each a mixture containing 35 individual compounds can then be tested for biological activity using any one of a variety of screening assays, such as those described above or others well known in the art.

The individual amino carboxylic acids which can be used to prepare a library of 525 DHQs include the following: Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val, D-Ala, D-Asp, D-Cys, D-Glu, D-Ile, D-Leu, D-Lys, D-Met, D-Phe, D-Ser, D-Thr, D-Tyr, and D-Val, β-alanine, and 4-aminobutyric acid. All are amino-protected with Fmoc or Boc and carry appropriate side chain protecting group as required. Individual aldehydes which can be employed are as follows: benzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-phenylbenzaldehyde, furfuraldehyde, 2-propionaldehyde, 2-methyl-2-buten-1-al, cyclohexane carboxaldehyde, butanal, cinnamaldehyde, acetaldehyde.

1. Coupling of Amino Carboxylic Acids to MBHA Resin

Thirty five polypropylene mesh packets (T-bags, ˜2" square, 65μ; McMaster Carr, Chicago, Ill.) of (0.6 g, 0.93 meq/g) MBHA resin are prepared, washed with DCM (2×, ˜5 ml each), neutralized with 5% diisopropylethylamine/dichloromethane (DIEA/DCM) (3×, ˜5 ml each), and washed with DCM (2×, ˜5 ml each). Each resin packet is individually coupled overnight (˜16 hrs except for Gly, 1 hr) by adding 10× amino acid in DCM (0.2 M) or amino carboxylic acid in DMF followed by 10× diisopropylcarbodiimide/DCM (0.2 M) for a final reagent concentration of 0.1 M DMF (5%) used to solubilize the Arg and Ser derivatives. Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (10×) is added to the amino carboxylic acids couplings. Following coupling completion, resin packets are washed with DCM (1×), isopropanol (IPA) (2×), and DCM (2×). Each packet is then opened and the resin carefully washed into a common vessel using alternating DCM and methanol (MeOH) washes (final volume, ˜200 ml). The resin is mixed using a magnetic stir bar for 2.5 hrs. Resin is then filtered, washed with MeOH, and dried under vacuum. Based upon synthesis and cleavage of individual controls, reaction completion should be, and generally is, >95%.

2. Condensation of Benzaldehydes to the Mixture of a Resin-Bound Amino Carboxylic Acids

Each packet is next shaken twice in 20% (v/v) piperidine/DMF (30 ml, 5 min, then 15 min) then washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml). A solution of the respective aldehyde (0.203 ml, 2 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (0.438 ml, 4 mmoles) is prepared in DMF (7.5 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking for 3 hrs the packet is washed with dry (<0.03% water) DMF (5×30 ml).

3. Condensation of Homophthalic Anhydride to Yield a Library of Dihydroisoquinolines

A solution of homophthalic anhydride (324 mg, 2 mmoles) and triethylamine (0.021 ml, 0.15 mmoles) is prepared in DMF (5 ml) and added to each packet. After heating at 80° C. for 16 hrs the packets are then washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The isoquinolines are cleaved off of the resin by treatment with HF (liquid (1)) at -15° C. for 2 hrs followed by warming to room temperature while removing HF (gaseous (g)) with a nitrogen stream.

EXAMPLE 2 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H) -isoquinolone

This Example provides the solid-phase synthesis of trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone by condensing, on a TentaGel™ resin, glycine, benzaldehyde and homophthalic anhydride. The isoquinoline was cleaved from the resin by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA).

TentaGel™ S-NH₂ resin (Rapp Polymere Gmbh, Federal Republic of Germany; 385 mg, 0.100 milliequivalents) was placed in a porous polypropylene packet. The packet was placed in a 60 ml bottle and washed with 5% (v/v) DIEA/DCM (3×30 ml) followed by DCM (5×30 ml). A solution of Rink linker (270 mg, 0.5 mmoles), HOBt (68 mg, 0.5 mmoles), and diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC, 0.094 ml, 0.6 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (5 ml) and added to the resin packet. After shaking for 16 hrs the packet was washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The packet was next shaken twice in 20% (v/v) piperidine/DMF (30 ml, 5 min, then 15 min), then washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml). A solution of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)glycine (149 mg, 0.5 mmoles), HOBt (68 mg, 0.5 mmoles), and DIC (0.094 ml, 0.6 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (5 ml) and added to the resin packet. After shaking for 2 hrs the packet was washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The packet was next shaken twice in 20% (v/v) piperidine/DMF (30 ml, 5 min, then 15 min) then washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml). A solution of benzaldehyde (0.203 ml, 2 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (0.438 ml, 4 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (7.5 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking for 3 hrs the packet was washed with dry (<0.03% water) DMF (5×30 ml). A solution of homophthalic anhydride (324 mg, 2 mmoles) and triethylamine (0.021 ml, 0.15 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (5 ml) and added to the packet. After heating at 80° C. for 16 hrs the packet was washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The isoquinolone was cleaved off of the resin by addition of a solution of 75/20/5 (v/v/v) TFA/DCM/water (10 ml). After shaking for 135 min the acid solution was decanted into a round bottom flask. The packet was then washed with TFA (1×10 ml) and this wash was also added to the round bottom flask. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure providing a clear oil.

The crude oil was dissolved in DCM (20 ml and extracted with 1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl; 1×10 ml). The organic layer was next extracted with aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) (2×10 ml). The NaHCO₃ layers were combined and the pH of the solution was brought to 1-2 by addition of 2 N HCl, followed by extraction with DCM (2×10 ml). The final organic layers were combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, providing a quantitative yield of a clear oil which crystallized overnight into a white solid. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) d 7.98 (d, 1 H, J=2.4 Hz), 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.25 (m, 5H), 7.11 (m, 2H), 5.41 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 4.39 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz), 4.14 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 3.34 (d, 1H, J=16.3 Hz). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) d 172.98, 169.77, 163.41, 138.86, 133.46, 132.34, 129.25, 128.63, 128.21, 128.09, 127.70, 127.08, 126.28, 61.67, 50.41, 49.89. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS; Kratos (division of Shimadzu Scientific), Columbia, Md.): 364 (MW+2 Na+), (347 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 3 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

This Example provides the solid-phase synthesis of trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone by condensing, on a polystyrene benzhydrylamine resin, glycine, benzaldehyde and homophthalic anhydride. The final product was cleaved from the resin using an HF procedure.

Polystyrene benzhydrylamine (BHA) resin (189 mg, 0.100 milliequivalents) was placed in a porous polypropylene packet. The packet was placed in a 60 ml bottle and washed with 5% (v/v) DIEA/DCM(3×30 ml) followed by DCM (5×30 ml). A solution of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)glycine (149 mg, 0.5 mmoles), HOBt (68 mg, 0.5 mmoles), and DIC (0.094 ml, 0.6 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (5 ml) and added to the resin packet. After shaking for 2 hrs the packet was washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The packet was next shaken twice in 20% (v/v) piperidine/DMF (30 ml, 5 min, then 15 min), then washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml). A solution of benzaldehyde (0.203 ml, 2 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (0.438 ml, 4 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (7.5 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking for 3 hrs the packet was washed with dry (<0.03% water) DMF (5×30 ml). A solution of homophthalic anhydride (324 mg, 2 mmoles) and triethylamine (0.021 ml, 0.15 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (5 ml) and added to the packet. After heating at 80° C. for 16 hrs the packet was washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The isoquinoline was cleaved off of the resin by treatment with HF (1) at -15° C. for 2 hrs followed by warming to room temperature while removing HF (g) with a nitrogen stream. The packet and HF tube were washed with TFA (2×8 ml) and the two washes were transferred to a round bottom flask and concentrated to a clear oil under reduced pressure.

The crude oil was dissolved in DCM (20 ml and extracted with 1 N HCl (1×10 ml) The organic layer was next extracted with aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (2×10 ml). The NaHCO₃ layers were combined and the pH of the solution was brought to 1-2 by addition of 2 N HCl, followed by extraction with DCM (2×10 ml). The final organic layers were combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, providing a quantitative yield of a clear oil which upon lyophilization provided a white crystalline solid. Spectral data was identical to the sample prepared in Example 2.

EXAMPLE 4 trans-N-(2-(s)-propionamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Provided by this Example is the solid-phase synthesis of trans-N-(2-(s)-propionamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone prepared by condensing, on an MBHA resin, alanine, benzaldehyde and homophthalic anhydride. The final product was removed from the resin by HF cleavage.

N-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)-L-alanine attached to MBHA resin (0.05 mmoles) was sealed in a polypropylene packet. The packet was shaken in 55% (v/v) TFA/DCM (30 ml, 30 min) then washed with DCM (1×30 ml), isopropyl alcohol (2×30 ml), 5% (v/v) DIEA/DCM (3×30 ml, 2 min each), DCM (2×30 ml), and anhydrous DMF (2×30 ml).

A solution of benzaldehyde (10 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (20 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (20 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking for 3.75 hrs the packet was washed with dry (<0.03% water) DMF (5×30 ml). A solution of homophthalic anhydride (7.5 mmoles) and triethylamine (225 mmoles) was prepared in chloroform (15 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking at room temperature for 17 hrs the packet was washed with DCM (3×30 ml), DMF (3×30 ml), shaken for 20 min in water (30 ml), washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The isoquinolone was cleaved off of the resin using HF as in Example 3, but no aqueous extraction was performed. The residue was dissolved in deuterated DMSO to obtain NMR and mass spectral data after which the solvent was removed under reduced pressure providing a 1/1 mixture of the desired product and the amide arising from homophthalic acid and L-alaninamide as a clear oil. (14 mg, 83%). MALDI-TOF MS: 338 (MW), 359 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 5 trans-N-(3-propionamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

This Example provides the solid-phase synthesis of trans-N-(3-propionamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone prepared by condensing, on a RINK linker derivatized TentaGel™ resin, aminopropionic acid, benzaldehyde and homophthalic anhydride. The final product was removed from the resin by TFA cleavage.

N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-3-aminopropionic acid was attached to RINK linker derivatized TentaGel™ resin as described in Example 2. The packet was next shaken twice in 20% (v/v) piperidine/DMF (30 ml, 5 min, then 15 min) then washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

A solution of benzaldehyde (0.203 ml, 2 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (0.438 ml, 4 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (7.5 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking for 3 hrs the packet was washed with dry (<0.03% water) DMF (5×30 ml) followed by chloroform (3×30 ml). A solution of homophthalic anhydride (324 mg, 2 mmoles) and triethylamine (0.021 ml, 0.15 mmoles) was prepared in chloroform (5 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking at room temperature for 18 hrs the packet was washed with DCM (3×30 ml), DMF (3×30 ml) and water (1×30 ml). The packet was then shaken in water (30 ml) for 20 min followed by washing with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The isoquinolone was cleaved off of the resin by addition of a solution of 75/20/5 (v/v/v) TFA/DCM/water (10 ml). After shaking for 135 min the acid solution was decanted into a round bottom flask. The packet was then washed with TFA (1×10 ml) and this wash was also added to the round bottom flask. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure providing a clear oil.

The crude oil was dissolved in 1 ml methyl sulfoxide and half was stored at -20° C. The other half was mixed with 1 N NaOH (10 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Water (5 ml) was then added and the solution was extracted with DCM (1×10 ml). The pH of the aqueous layer was brought to 1-2 by addition of 2 N HCl, followed by extraction with DCM (2×10 ml). The final organic layers were combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, providing a clear oil (15 mg, 89%). MALDI-TOF MS: 360 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 6 TO EXAMPLE 28 Synthesis of Additional Substituted Isoquinolines

With the exception of the amino carboxylic acid and aldehyde starting materials, Examples 6 to 28 were done using the procedures of Example 5. In place of the starting materials 3-aminopropionic acid and benzaldehyde of Example 5, Examples 6 to 28 provide all possible combinations of four different amino carboxylic acids and six unique benzaldehydes. The amino carboxylic acids and benzaldehydes used, along with the corresponding Example number is shown in TABLE I. As a reference, the compound prepared in Example 5 is shown in Table I at upper left.

                  TABLE I     ______________________________________             3-Amino-                    4-Amino-  6-Amino-             propionic                    butyric   hexanoic             acid   acid      acid      Glycine     ______________________________________     Benzaldehyde               Example 5                        Example 11                                  Example 17                                          Example 23     4-Methoxy-               Example 6                        Example 12                                  Example 18                                          Example 24     benzaldehyde     3,5-Dimethoxy-               Example 7                        Example 13                                  Example 19                                          Example 25     benzaldehyde     4-Cyano-  Example 8                        Example 14                                  Example 20                                          Example 26     benzaldehyde     2-Bromo-  Example 9                        Example 15                                  Example 21                                          Example 27     benzaldehyde     3-Hydroxy-               Example  Example 16                                  Example 22                                          Example 28     benzaldehyde               10     ______________________________________

EXAMPLE 6 trans-N-(3-propionamidoyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 16 mg, 87%. MALDI-TOF MS: 390 (MW+Na+), 406 (MW+K+).

EXAMPLE 7 trans-N-(3-propionamidoyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 15 mg, 75%. MALDI-TOF MS: 421 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 8 trans-N-(3-propionamidoyl)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 9 mg, 50%. MALDI-TOF MS: 363 (MW), 385 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 9 trans-N-(3-propionamidoyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 17 mg, 82%. MALDI-TOF MS: 417 (MW), 439 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 10 trans-N-(3-propionamidoyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 2 mg, 11%. MALDI-TOF MS: 354 (MW), 376 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 11 trans-N-(4-butyramidoyl)-3-(phenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolon

Yield: 17 mg, 97%. MALDI-TOF MS: 374 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 12 trans-N-(4-butyramidoyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 11 mg, 58%. MALDI-TOF MS: 382 (MW), 404 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 13 trans-N-(4-butyramidoyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 17 mg, 83w. MALDI-TOF MS: 412 (MW), 434 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 14 trans-N-(4-butyramidoyl)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 13 mg, 69%. MALDI-TOF MS: 399 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 15 trans-N-(4-butyramidoyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 18 mg, 84%. MALDI-TOF MS: 453 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 16 trans-N-(4-butyramidoyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 2 mg, 11%. MALDI-TOF MS: 389 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 17 trans-N-(6-hexanamidoyl)-3-(phenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: quantitative. MALDI-TOF MS: 402 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 18 trans-N-(6-hexanamidoyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 16 mg, 78%. MALDI-TOF MS: 410 (MW), 432 (MW+Na+), 448 (MW+K+).

EXAMPLE 19 trans-N-(6-hexanamidoyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 18 mg, 82w. MALDI-TOF MS: 440 (MW), 462 (MW+Na+), 478 (MW+K+).

EXAMPLE 20 trans-N-(6-hexanamidoyl)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 15 mg, 74%. MALDI-TOF MS: 405 (MW), 427 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 21 trans-N-(6-hexanamidoyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 19 mg, 83%. MALDI-TOF MS: 481 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 22 trans-N-(6-hexanamidoyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 3 mg, 15%. MALDI-TOF MS: 396 (MW), 418 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 23 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-(phenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 11 mg, 68%. MALDI-TOF MS: 324 (MW), 346 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 24 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 9 mg, 51%. MALDI-TOF MS: 376 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 25 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 9 mg, 47%. MALDI-TOF MS: 406 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 26 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 9 mg, 52%. MALDI-TOF MS: 371 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 27 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: quantitative. MALDI-TOF MS: 425 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 28 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Yield: 3 mg, 18%. MALDI-TOF MS: 362 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 29 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-methyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

This Example provides the solid-phase synthesis of trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-methyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone prepared by condensing, on an MBHA resin, glycine, acetaldehyde and homophthalic anhydride. The final product was removed from the resin by HF cleavage.

N-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)glycine attached to MBHA resin (0.05 mmoles) was sealed in a polypropylene packet. The packet was shaken in 55% (v/v) TFA/DCM (30 ml, 30 min) then washed with DCM (1×30 ml), isopropyl alcohol (2×30 ml), 5% (v/v) DIEA/DCM (3×30 ml, 2 min each), DCM (2×30 ml), and anhydrous DMF (2×30 ml).

A solution of acetaldehyde (5 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (10 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (10 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking for 3.75 hrs the packet was washed with dry (<O.03% water) DMF (5×30 ml). A solution of homophthalic anhydride (5 mmoles) and triethylamine (0.075 mmoles) was prepared in chloroform (10 ml) and added to the packet. After shaking at room temperature for 17 hrs the packet was washed with DCM (3×30 ml), DMF (3×30 ml), shaken for 20 min in water (30 ml), washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml).

The isoquinolone was cleaved off of the resin using HF as in Example 3. The residue was dissolved in deuterated DMSO to obtain NMR and mass spectra after which the solvent was removed under reduced pressure providing a 2/1 mixture of the desired product and the amide of homophthalic acid and glycinamide as a clear oil (10 mg, 77%). MALDI-TOF MS: 283 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 30 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-cyclohexyl-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Synthesis was performed as in Example 29 with the exception of substituting cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde for acetaldehyde. Obtained after cleavage was a 2/1 mixture of the desired product and the amide of homophthalic acid and glycinamide as a clear oil (12 mg, 73%). MALDI-TOF MS: 329 (MW), 351 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 31 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-(E-2-but-2-enyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Synthesis was performed as in Example 29, excepting substitution of trans-2-methyl-2-butanal for acetaldehyde. Obtained after cleavage was a 2/1 mixture of the desired product and the amide of homophthalic acid and glycinamide as a clear oil (15 mg, 100%). MALDI-TOF MS: 325 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 32 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-(propylcarboxylate)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

Trans-N-(2-Acetamidoyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone (0.05 mmoles) was prepared on MBHA polystyrene resin using the method described in Example 4 with the following changes: glycine was substituted for alanine, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde was substituted for benzaldehyde, and the product was further modified before cleavage off resin.

A solution of O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) in anhydrous DMF (0.93 mmoles, 3.1 ml, 300 mM solution) was added to the packet and shaken for 20 min. The HATU solution was decanted off of the tea-bag and anhydrous DMF (4.7 ml) and anhydrous 1-propanol (0.374 ml, 5 mmoles) were added. After shaking for 1 hr, the propanol solution was removed and the bag washed with anhydrous DMF (2×10 ml). The HATU treatment was repeated followed by decanting and addition of a second 1-propanol solution. This reaction was shaken at room temperature for 66 hrs. The bag was then washed with DMF (4×10 ml), DCM (3×10 ml), and allowed to dry.

Standard HF cleavage as in Example 4 provided a clear oil shown by NMR and mass spectra to contain a half mixture of the desired ester and the free acid (18 mg, 85%) MALDI-TOF MS: 448 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 33 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-(N-(isopropyl)carboxamido)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

This product was prepared as in Example 32 but with the substitution of isopropylamine for 1-propanol. Yield: 20 mg, 94%. MALDI-TOF MS: 425 (MW), 447 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 34 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-(N,N-(diethyl)carboxamido)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

This product was prepared as in Example 32 but with the substitution of N,N-diethylamine for 1-propanol. Yield: 21 mg, 96%. MALDI-TOF MS: 439 (MW), 461 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 35 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-(N-(4-aminomorpholinyl)carboxamido)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

This product was prepared as in Example 32 but with the substitution of 4-aminomorpholine for 1-propanol. Yield: 23 mg, 98%. MALDI-TOF MS: 468 (MW), 490 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 36 trans-N-(2-acetamidoyl)-3-phenyl-4-(N-((±)3-amino-quinuclidyl)carboxamido)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone

This product was prepared as in Example 32 but with the substitution of (±)-3-aminoquinuclidine, bis HCl salt for 1-propanol; DIEA (200 mole % versus aminoquinuclidine) was also added to neutralize the HCl salt. Yield: 23 mg, 98%. MALDI-TOF MS: 468 (MW), 490 (MW+Na+).

EXAMPLE 37 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Combinatorial Library Pool Containing Isoquinolines Derived From Five Amino Acids, Benzaldehyde and Homophthalic Anhydride

As described in Example 2, five porous polystyrene packets were prepared each containing TentaGel™ S-NH2 resin (385 mg, 0.100 milliequivalents) derivatized with the protected RINK linker. Following the procedure provided in Example 2, one bag each was then coupled with one each of five different amino acids, N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-3-aminopropionic acid, N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-4-aminobutyric acid, N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-6-aminohexanoic acid, N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-N-t-butoxycarbonyl-(s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, and N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-glycine.

The resin packets were dried at room temperature and cut open. The resin inside was pooled from all five bags and the resin was shaken in DCM (20 ml) for 75 min. The resin was filtered off and again dried before being divided into five equal portions and resealed in porous polystyrene packets. One packet was then reacted with first benzaldehyde and then homophthalic anhydride as in Example 5. The resin was cleaved and worked up as in Example 5, providing a clear oil, 11 mg, 61% yield based on average molecular weight).

MALDI-TOF MS of the crude products after cleavage showed all five expected isoquinolines for each individual resin packet. Analysis of the final extract by proton NMR and MALDI-TOF MS indicated that only four isoquinolines were now present with the 2,6-(s)-diaminohexanoic acid based isoquinolone having been lost in the extraction procedure.

EXAMPLE 38 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Combinatorial Library Pool Containing Isoquinolines Derived From Five Amino Acids, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and Homophthalic Anhydride

This library pool was synthesized as in Example 37, with the exception of using 4-methoxybenzaldehyde instead of benzaldehyde. Cleavage from the resin was performed on all 100 mmoles of resin and yield and mass spectra were immediately obtained on the residue with no aqueous extraction being performed. Yield: 36 mg, 93%. MALDI-TOF MS of the crude products after cleavage showed all five expected isoquinolines for each individual resin packet.

EXAMPLE 39 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Combinatorial Library Pool Containing Isoquinolines Derived From Five Amino Acids, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and Homophthalic Anhydride

This library pool was synthesized as in Example 37, with the exception of substituting 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde for benzaldehyde used in Example 37. Cleavage from the resin was performed on all 100 μmoles of resin and yield and mass spectra were immediately obtained on the residue with no aqueous extraction being performed. Yield: 35 mg, 84%. MALDI-TOF MS of the crude products after cleavage showed all five expected isoquinolines for each individual resin packet.

EXAMPLE 40 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Combinatorial Library Pool Containing Isoquinolines Derived From Five Amino Acids, 4-cyanobenzaldehyde and Homophthalic Anhydride

This library pool was synthesized as in Example 37, with a substitution of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde for benzaldehyde used in Example 37. Cleavage from the resin was performed on all 100 μmoles of resin and yield and mass spectra were immediately obtained on the residue with no aqueous extraction being performed. Yield: 34 mg, 89%. MALDI-TOF MS of the crude products after cleavage showed all five expected isoquinolines for each individual resin packet.

EXAMPLE 41 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Combinatorial Library Pool Containing Isoquinolines Derived From Five Amino Acids, 2-bromobenzaldehyde and Homophthalic Anhydride

This library pool was synthesized as in Example 37, only instead of using benzaldehyde as in that Example, 2-bromobenzaldehyde was used. Cleavage from the resin was performed on all 100 μmoles of resin and yield and mass spectra were immediately obtained on the residue with no aqueous extraction being performed. Yield: 41 mg, 94%. MALDI-TOF MS of the crude products after cleavage showed all five expected isoquinolines for each individual resin packet.

EXAMPLE 42 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Combinatorial Library Pool Containing Isoquinolines Derived From Five Amino Acids, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and Homophthalic Anhydride

This library pool was also synthesized following the procedures set forth in Example 37, with the exception of substituting 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde for the benzaldehyde. Cleavage from the resin was performed on all 100 μmoles of resin and yield and mass spectra were immediately obtained on the residue with no aqueous extraction being performed. Yield: quantitative. MALDI-TOF MS of the crude products after cleavage showed all five expected isoquinolines for each individual resin packet.

EXAMPLE 43 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of 21,736 Different Isoquinoline Amides and Acids

Eleven porous polypropylene tea-bags were prepared each containing polystyrene MBHA/resin (974 mg, 0.750 milliequivalents). One tea-bag was placed in a 60 ml bottle and washed with 5% (v/v) DIEA/DCM (3×30 ml) followed by DCM, 5×30 ml. A solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)glycine (657 mg, 3.75 mmoles), HOBt (507 mg, 3.75 mmoles), and DIC (0.705 ml, 4.5 mmoles) was prepared in DMF (37.5 ml) and added to the resin packet. After shaking for 16 hrs the tea-bag was washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml). The same coupling procedure was performed on the remaining ten tea-bags, each being reacted with a separate amino acid from the list: N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-aminopropionic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-aminopentanoic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-aminoheptanoic acid, (s)-2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminopropionoic acid, (s)-2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-6-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminohexanoic acid, (s)-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-3-aminopropionic acid, (r)-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-3-aminopropionic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-(2-aminoethoxyethoxy)acetic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-trans-4-(aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid. The tea-bags with attached (s) -2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminopropionic acid, and (s)-2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-6-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminohexanoic acid were washed with DCM (2×50 ml), shaken twice in 20% (v/v) piperidine/DMF (30 ml, 5 min then 15 min), then washed with DMF (4×50 ml) and DCM (4×50 ml). The remaining nine tea-bags were placed in one bottle and washed with DCM (150 ml, 15 min) and then treated with 55% (v/v) TFA/DCM (150 ml, 30 min). The bags were then washed with DCM (150 ml), isopropyl alcohol (2×150 ml), DCM (2×150 ml), 5% (v/v) DIEA/DCM (3×150 ml, 2 min each) and DCM (3×150 ml). After drying at room temperature the eleven tea-bags were cut open and the contents pooled in a bottle containing DCM (70 ml). The bottle was shaken for 90 min to thoroughly mix the resin. The DCM/resin slurry was then poured into a large (12×18 cm) tea-bag to separate the resin from the DCM and the resin was dried at 50° C. The resulting 11.042 g of resin (8.25 mmoles total of mixed amino acids) was divided into 39 tea-bags containing 38×0.241 g resin (each 180 micromoles total of mixed amino acids) and 1×1.204 g (900 micromoles total of mixed amino acids). Also prepared for use as a control were 38 additional tea-bags each containing 23 mg (18 micromoles) of glycine (containing a free amino group) attached to MBHA resin (coupled and deprotected as in Example 1, subheading 1, hereinafter referred to as the "glycine control tea-bags").

Placed in a 20 ml bottle were one of the small (0.241 g of mixed amino acid resin) tea-bags and one of the control (18 micromoles of glycine) tea-bags. The two tea-bags were treated with a solution of benzaldehyde (0.508 ml, 5 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (1.094 ml, 10 mmoles) in anhydrous DMF (9 ml). After shaking for 3 hrs the packet was washed with anhydrous DMF (3×8 ml). A solution of homophthalic anhydride (801 mg, 5 mmoles) and triethylamine (0.044 ml, 0.3 mmoles) was prepared in chloroform (10 ml) and added to the tea-bag. After shaking at room temperature for 15.5 hrs the packet was washed with DMF (6×30 ml) and DCM (4×30 ml) and dried at room temperature. The remaining 37 tea-bags of mixed resin were each paired with one glycine control tea-bag and reacted as above in 37 separate reactions with the following aldehydes: 1,4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde, 1-methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde, 2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde, 2-bromobenzaldehyde, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzaldehyde, 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy) benzaldehyde, 3-furaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-methyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 4-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy) benzaldehyde, 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, 4-(methylthio)benzaldehyde, 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzaldehyde, 4-biphenylcarboxaldehyde, 4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 4-cyanobenzaldehyde, 4-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde,5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde and 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The large tea-bag containing 1.204 g (900 micromoles total of mixed amino acids) of resin was reacted with 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in the same manner, but on a five times larger scale of all reagents and solvents and with no control tea-bag.

The 38 tea-bags containing mixed amino acid resin (now containing mixed isoquinolines after the anhydride condensation reaction) were cut open and the contents pooled in a bottle containing DCM (70 ml). The bottle was shaken for 75 min to thoroughly mix the resin. The DCM/resin slurry was then poured into a large (12×18 cm) tea-bag to separate the resin from the DCM and the resin was dried at room temperature. The resulting 10.144 g of resin (6.84 mmoles total of mixed isoquinolines) was divided into 52 tea-bags each containing 0.178 g resin (120 micromoles total of mixed isoquinolines). For use as a control the large tea-bag containing 900 micromoles total of mixed amino acid resin (now mixed isoquinolines) was cut open, weighed (1.331 g=900 micromoles) and divided into 52 tea-bags each containing 22 mg (15 micromoles) of resin. Placed in a 20 ml bottle were one of the small (0.178 g of mixed isoquinoline resin) tea-bags and one of the second set of control (15 micromoles of mixed isoquinoline) tea-bags. The two tea-bags were treated with a solution of HATU in anhydrous DMF (2.4 mmoles, 8 ml, 300 mM solution) and shaken for 20 min. The HATU solution was decanted off of the tea-bags and anhydrous DMF (6.9 ml) and cyclopropyl amine (0.52 ml, 7.5 mmoles) were added. After shaking for 1 hr the cyclopropyl amine solution was removed and the bags were washed with anhydrous DMF (2×8 ml). The HATU treatment was repeated followed by decanting and addition of a second cyclopropyl amine solution. This reaction was shaken at room temperature for 24 hrs. The bags were then washed with DMF (3×8 ml), water (8 ml, 60 min), DMF (3×8 ml), DCM (3×8 ml), and allowed to dry.

Fifty of the remaining tea-bags (each 0.178 g resin, 120 micromoles total of mixed isoquinolines) were each paired with one control tea-bag and reacted as above in 50 separate reactions with the following amines: isopropylamine, propylamine, ethanolamine, (aminomethyl)cyclopropane, pyrrolidine, diethylamine, 2-methoxyethylamine, cyclopentylamine, piperidine, 3-pyrrolidinol, amylamine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, azetidine, furfurylamine, diallylamine, 2-aminothiazole, 1-aminopiperidine, 1-methylpiperazine, 4-aminomorpholine, diethanolamine, 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine, histamine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine, 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 1-aminopyrrolidine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, (s)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine, (+)-3-hydroxypiperidine, 1-amino-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, trans-2-aminocyclohexanol, tryptamine, 1-adamantanemethylamine, (2-aminoethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride, (s)-O-t-butyl serine t-butyl ester, glycine benzyl ester, (s)-O-benzyl tyrosine benzyl ester, (s)-N'-carbobenzyloxy lysine benzyl ester, (s)-aspartic acid dibenzyl ester, (+)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol, (-)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol, (+)-tetrahydrofurfurylamine, (-)-tetrahydrofurfurylamine, (+)-exo-2-aminonorbornane, (-)-exo-2-aminonorbornane, cis-decahydroquinoline, trans-decahydroquinoline, (+)-3-aminoquinuclidine, (-)-3-aminoquinuclidine. The one remaining tea-bag was left as the free carboxylic acid. Also reacted with isopropyl amine in the same manner but on a 12.5 times larger scale were the 38 glycine control tea-bags.

The above procedures produced 52 tea-bags each containing a mixture of 418 isoquinoline amides or acids for a total library size of 21,736 compounds.

Also prepared as a control for the aldehyde reaction were 38 single compounds from the building blocks: glycine, one of 38 aldehydes and isopropyl amine. As described above, an additional control for the amine reaction was performed resulting in 51 pools of 11 isoquinolines each prepared from the following building blocks: a mixture of the eleven amino acids, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and, separately, each of the 51 amines. Each tea-bag prepared is cleaved separately via standard HF procedures (Example 3) and dissolved in an appropriate solvent and can be tested in a variety of assays. The control tea-bags are cleaved in the same manner and characterized by NMR or mass spectra.

EXAMPLE 44 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of 21,736 Different Isoquinoline Amides and Acids

Eleven porous polypropylene tea-bags are prepared each containing polystyrene MBHA/resin (974 mg, 0.750 milliequivalents). One tea-bag is placed in a 60 ml bottle and washed with 5% (v/v) N,N,-diisopropylethylamine/dichloromethane (3×30 ml) followed by dichloromethane (DCM, 5×30 ml). A solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)glycine (657 mg, 3.75 mmoles), HOBt (507 mg, 3.75 mmoles), and DIC (0.705 ml, 4.5 mmoles) is prepared in DMF (37.5 ml) and added to the resin packet. After shaking for 16 hrs the tea-bag is washed with DMF (3×30 ml) and DCM (3×30 ml). The same coupling procedure is performed on the remaining ten tea-bags, each being reacted with a separate amino acid from the list: N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-aminopropionic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-aminopentanoic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-aminoheptanoic acid, (s)-2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminopropionic acid, (s)-2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-6-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminohexanoic acid, (s)-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-3-aminopropionic acid, (r)-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-3-aminopropionic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-(2-aminoethoxyethoxy)acetic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid. The tea-bags with attached (s)-2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminopropionic acid, and (s)-2-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-6-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-diaminohexanoic acid are washed with DCM (2×50 ml), shaken twice in 20% (v/v) piperidine/DMF (30 ml, 5 min then 15 min), then washed with DMF (4×50 ml) and DCM (4×50 ml). The remaining nine tea-bags are placed in one bottle and washed with DCM (150 ml, 15 min) and then treated with 55% (v/v) TFA/DCM (150 ml, 30 min). The bags are then washed with DCM (150 ml), isopropyl alcohol (2×150 ml), DCM (2×150 ml), 5% (v/v) DIEA/DCM (3×150 ml, 2 min each) and DCM (3×150 ml). After drying at room temperature the eleven tea-bags are cut open and the contents pooled in a bottle containing DCM (70 ml). The bottle is shaken for 90 min to thoroughly mix the resin. The DCM/resin slurry is then poured into a large (12×18 cm) tea-bag to separate the resin from the DCM and the resin is dried at 50° C. The resulting 11.042 g of resin (8.25 mmoles total of mixed amino acids) is divided into 39 tea-bags containing 38×0.241 g resin (each 180 micromoles total of mixed amino acids) and 1×1.204 g (900 micromoles total of mixed amino acids). Also prepared for use as a control are 38 additional tea-bags each containing 23 mg (18 micromoles) of glycine (containing a free amino group) attached to MBHA resin (coupled and deprotected as in Example 43).

Placed in a 20 ml bottle are one of the small (0.241 g of mixed amino acid resin) tea-bags and one of the control (18 micromoles of glycine) tea-bags. The two tea-bags are treated with a solution of benzaldehyde (0.508 ml, 5 mmoles) and anhydrous trimethylorthoformate (1.094 ml, 10 mmoles) in anhydrous DMF (9 ml). After shaking for 3 hrs the packet is washed with anhydrous DMF (3×8 ml). A solution of homophthalic anhydride (801 mg, 5 mmoles) and triethylamine (0.044 ml, 0.3 mmoles) is prepared in chloroform (10 ml) and added to the tea-bag. After shaking at room temperature for 15.5 hrs the packet is washed with DMF (6×30 ml) and DCM (4×30 ml) and dried at room temperature. The remaining 37 tea-bags of mixed resin are each paired with one glycine control tea-bag and reacted as in Example 43 in 37 separate reactions with the following aldehydes: 1,4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde, 1-methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde, 2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde, 2-bromobenzaldehyde, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzaldehyde, 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy) benzaldehyde, 3-furaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-methyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 4-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy) benzaldehyde, 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, 4-(methylthio)benzaldehyde, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde, 4-biphenylcarboxaldehyde, 4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 4-cyanobenzaldehyde, 4-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde and 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The large tea-bag containing 1.204 g (900 micromoles total of mixed amino acids) of resin is reacted with 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in the same manner, but on a five times larger scale of all reagents and solvents and with no control tea-bag. The 38 tea-bags containing mixed amino acid resin (now containing mixed isoquinolines after the above reaction) are cut open and the contents pooled in a bottle containing DCM (70 ml). The bottle is shaken for 75 min to thoroughly mix the resin. The DCM/resin slurry is then poured into a large (12×18 cm) tea-bag to separate the resin from the DCM and the resin is dried at room temperature. The resulting 10.144 g of resin (6.84 mmoles total of mixed isoquinolines) is divided into 49 tea-bags each containing 0.178 g resin (120 micromoles total of mixed isoquinolines). For use as a control the large tea-bag containing 900 micromoles total of mixed amino acid resin (now mixed isoquinolines) is cut open, weighed (1.331 g=900 micromoles) and divided into 50 tea-bags each containing 22 mg (15 micromoles) of resin. Placed in a 20 ml bottle are one of the small (0.178 g of mixed isoquinoline resin) tea-bags and one of the second set of control (15 micromoles of mixed isoquinoline) tea-bags. The two tea-bags are treated with a solution of HATU in anhydrous DMF (2.4 mmoles, 8 ml, 300 mM solution) and shaken for 20 min. The HATU solution is decanted off of the tea-bags and anhydrous DMF (6.9 ml) and aniline (0.683 ml, 7.5 mmoles) are added. After shaking for 1 hr the aniline solution is removed and the bags are washed with anhydrous DMF (2×8 ml). The HATU treatment is repeated followed by decanting and addition of a second aniline solution. This reaction is shaken at room temperature for 24 hrs. The bags are then washed with DMF (3×8 ml), water (8 ml, 60 min), DMF (3×8 ml), DCM (3×8 ml), and allowed to dry. Forty eight of the remaining tea-bags (each 0.178 g resin, 120 micromoles total of mixed isoquinolines) are each paired with one control tea-bag and reacted as in Example 43 in 50 separate reactions with the following amines: 2-fluoroaniline, 3-fluoroaniline, 4-fluoroaniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, 2-bromoaniline, 3-bromoaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 2-methoxyaniline, 3-methoxyaniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 2-hydroxyaniline, 3-hydroxyaniline, 4-hydroxyaniline, 2-carboethoxyaniline, 3-carboethoxyaniline, 4-carboethoxyaniline, 2-trifluoromethylaniline, 3-trifluoromethylaniline, 4-trifluoromethylaniline, 2-dimethylaminoaniline, 3-dimethylaminoaniline, 4-dimethylaminoaniline, 2-phenoxyaniline, 3-phenoxyaniline, 4-phenoxyaniline, 3,4-methylenedioxyaniline, 2,3-methylenedioxyaniline, 2,3-difluoroaniline, 3,4-difluoroaniline, 2,3-dichloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,3-dibromoaniline, 3,4-dibromoaniline, 2,3-dimethoxyaniline, 3,4-dimethoxyaniline, 1-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalelene, 2-hydroxy-3-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalelene, 2-aminonaphthalene, 1-amino-4-chloronaphthalene, 1-amino-4-bromonaphthalene, 5-amino-1-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene, 5-aminoindane, 1-aminofluorene, 2-aminofluorine, N-methylaniline. The remaining tea-bag is left as the free carboxylic acid. Also reacted with aniline in the same manner but on a 12.5 times larger scale are the 38 glycine control tea-bags as in Example 43. The above procedures produced 50 tea-bags each containing a mixture of 418 isoquinoline amides or acids for a total library size of 20900 compounds.

Also prepared as a control for the aldehyde reaction are 38 single compounds from the building blocks: glycine, one of 38 aldehydes and aniline. An additional control for the amine reaction is performed resulting in 49 pools of 11 isoquinolines each prepared from the following building blocks: a mixture of the eleven amino acids, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and, separately, each of the 49 amines. Each tea-bag prepared is cleaved separately via standard HF procedures (Example 3), dissolved in an appropriate solvent and tested in a variety of assays. The control tea-bags are cleaved in the same manner and characterized by NMR or mass spectra.

EXAMPLE 45 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of 21,318 Different Isoquinoline Amines

Fifty one tea-bags are prepared as in Example 43 with each containing a mixture of 418 isoquinoline amides. While still attached to the resin the isoquinoline amides are reduced to the isoquinoline amines via the procedure of Cuervo et al., Peptides 1994, Proceedings of the 23rd European Peptide Symposium, H. L. S. Maia, Editor, Escom Publishers, Leiden, pp 465-466 (1995), which is incorporated herein by reference, modified for solid-phase use as described in published WO 94/26775, which is incorporated herein by reference. One tea-bag (0.178 g resin, 120 micromoles total of mixed isoquinolines) is placed in a 50 ml KIMAX glass tube and treated under nitrogen gas with a solution of: 1 M BH3 in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 ml), boric acid (315 mg) and trimethyl borate (0.5 ml). After the solution is bubbling slows to a slight fizz the tube is capped tightly and heated at 65° C. for 96 hrs. After cooling the borane solution is decanted and the bag washed with methanol (1×25 ml), tetrahydrofuran (1×25 ml), and again with methanol (4×25 ml). After drying the bag is returned to a 50 ml KIMAX glass tube, submerged completely in piperidine, sealed and heated at 65° C. for 16 hrs. After cooling the piperidine is decanted off of the tea-bag and the bag is washed with DMF (2×25 ml), DCM (2×25 ml), methanol (1×25 ml), DMF (2×25 ml), DCM (2×25 ml), and again with methanol (1×25 ml). After drying the tea-bag is cleaved via standard HF protocols. The remaining 50 tea-bags are treated in the same manner resulting in 51 pools of 418 isoquinoline amines, for a total library size of 21,318.

EXAMPLE 46 Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of 20,482 Different Isoquinoline Aromatic Amines

Forty nine tea-bags are prepared as in Example 44 with each containing a mixture of 418 isoquinoline amides. While still attached to the resin the isoquinoline amides are reduced to the isoquinoline amines as in Example 45, resulting in 49 pools of 418 isoquinoline amines for a total library size of 20,482.

Although the invention has been described with reference to the examples provided above, it should be understood that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the invention is set out in the following claims. 

We claim:
 1. A combinatorial library containing two or more isoquinoline compounds of the formula: ##STR10## wherein: R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, substituted naphthyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl and a group of the formula: ##STR11## wherein: n and m are independently selected from a number 0 to 6; and Ar is an aryl group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, substituted phenyl, heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl;R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cylcoalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl and a heterocyclic ring; R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are, independently, a hydrogen atom, halo, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₂ to C₇ alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ alkynyl, C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkenyl, C₂ to C₇ substituted alkynyl, C₁ to C₇ alkoxy, C₁ to C₇ acyloxy, C₁ to C₇ acyl, C₃ to C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃ to C₇ substituted cycloalkyl, C₅ to C₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅ to C₇ substituted cycloalkenyl, a heterocyclic ring, C₇ to C₁₂ phenylalkyl, C₇ to C₁₂ substituted phenylalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, cyclic C₂ to C₇ alkylene, substituted cyclic C₂ to C₇ alkylene, cyclic C₂ to C₇ heteroalkylene, substituted cyclic C₂ to C₇ heteroalkylene, carboxy, protected carboxy, hydroxymethyl, protected hydroxymethyl, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, protected (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, carboxamide, protected carboxamide, C₁ to C₄ alkylthio, C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁ to C₄ alkylsulfoxide, phenylthio, substituted phenylthio, phenylsulfoxide, substituted phenylsulfoxide, phenylsulfonyl or substituted phenylsulfonyl; X is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, protected carboxy, amino, protected amino, (monosubstituted)amino, (disubstituted)amino, an amino acid, aniline, substituted aniline and an amino-substituted heterocyclic ring; Y is selected from the group consisting of CO₂ H, SH, NHR⁷ and C(O)NHR⁷, wherein R⁷ is selected from the groups consisting of a hydrogen atom, C₁ to C₆ alkyl and C₁ to C₆ substituted alkyl; ora salt of the isoquinoline compound.
 2. The library of claim 1, wherein:R¹ is selected from the group consisting of methylene, 1,2-ethyl, 1,4-butyl, 1,6-hexyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,2-ethyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,5-pentyl, (r)-(1-methyl)-1,2-(s)-(1-methyl)-1,2-ethyl, ##STR12## R² is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl, 1-methylindole-3-yl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl, 2-furyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-pyridinyl, 2-thiophen-yl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl, 3-furyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 3-pyridinyl, 3-thiophen-yl, 4-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl, 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(methylthio)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-biphenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-methoxy-1-naphthyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-pyridinyl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl, 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, 5-nitro-2-furyl, 6-methyl-2-pyridinyl and phenyl; R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ are independently a hydrogen atom; X is selected from the group consisting of aminocyclopropyl, aminoisopropyl, 3-aminopropyl, aminoethanolyl, (aminomethyl)cyclopropyl, pyrrolidyl, aminodiethyl, amino-2-methoxyethyl, aminocyclopentyl, piperidinyl, 1-(pyrrolidin-3-ol), aminoamyl, amino-(2-(N,N-dimethyl))ethyl, azetidinyl, 2-aminofurfuryl, aminodiallyl, 2-aminothiazolyl, 4-aminopiperidinyl, 1-methylpiperazinyl, 4-aminomorpholinyl, aminodiethanol, 2-(aminomethyl)pyridinyl, histaminyl, 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidinyl, 1-amino-4-methylpiperazinyl, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethyl, 1-aminopyrrolidinyl, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazolyl, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl, (+)-3-hydroxy piperidine, (s)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine, 1-amino-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl, trans-aminocyclohexan-2-olyl, tryptaminyl, 1-aminomethyladamantanyl, amino-2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl, α-N-glycinyl, α-N-lysinyl, α-N-aspartyl, α-N-tyrosinyl, α-N-serinyl, (+)-3-aminopropyl-1,2-diol, (-)-3-amino-propyl-1,2-diol, (+)-aminotetrahydrofurfuryl, (-)-aminotetrahydrofurfuryl, (+)-exo-2-aminonorbornanyl, (-)-exo-2-aminonorbornanyl, cis-decahydroquinolinyl, trans-decahydroquinolinyl, (+)-3-aminoquinuclidinyl and (-)-3-aminoquinuclidinyl; and Y is C(O)NH₂.
 3. The library of claim 1, wherein:R¹ is selected from the group consisting of methylene, 1,2-ethyl, 1,4-butyl, 1,6-hexyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,2-ethyl, (s)-1-(amino)-1,5-pentyl, (r)-(1-methyl)-1,2-ethyl, (s)-(1-(methyl)-1,2-ethyl), ##STR13## R² is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl, 1-methylindole-3-yl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl, 2-furyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-pyridinyl, 2-thiophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl, 3-furyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 3-pyridinyl, 3-thiophenyl, 4-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl, 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(methylthio)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-biphenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-methoxy-1-naphthyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-pyridinyl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl, 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, 5-nitro-2-furyl, 6-methyl-2-pyridinyl and phenyl; R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ are independently a hydrogen atom; X is selected from the group consisting of anilinyl, 2-fluoroanilinyl, 3-fluoroanilinyl, 4-fluoroanilinyl, 2-chloroanilinyl, 3-chloroanilinyl, 4-chloroanilinyl, 2-bromoanilinyl, 3-bromoanilinyl, 4-bromoanilinyl, 2-methoxyanilinyl, 3-methoxyanilinyl, 4-methoxyanilinyl, 2-hydroxyanilinyl, 3-hydroxyanilinyl, 4-hydroxyanilinyl, 2-carboethoxyanilinyl, 3-carboethoxyanilinyl, 4-carboethoxyanilinyl, 2-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 3-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 4-trifluoromethylanilinyl, 2-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 3-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 4-dimethylaminoanilinyl, 2-phenoxyanilinyl, 3-phenoxyanilinyl, 4-phenoxyanilinyl, 3,4-methylenedioxyanilinyl, 2,3-methylenedioxyanilinyl, 2,3-difluoroanilinyl, 2,3-dibromoanilinyl, 3,4-dibromoanilinyl, 2,3-dimethoxyanilinyl, 3,4-dimethoxyanilinyl, 1-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 2-hydroxy-3-amino 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 2-aminonaphthyl, 1-amino-4-chloronaphthyl, 1-amino-4-bromonaphthyl, 5-amino-1-hydroxynaphthyl, 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthyl, 5-aminoindanyl, 1-aminofluorenyl, 2-aminofluorenyl and N-methylanilinyl; and Y is C(O)NH₂.
 4. The combinatorial library of claim 1, comprising a plurality of mixtures of the isoquinoline compounds wherein within each of the mixtures all the isoquinoline compounds have at least one substituent in common, wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, X and Y, with the proviso that not all of the substituents are in common and that all other noncommon substituents are present as equimolar mixtures.
 5. A method for the preparation of the combinatorial library containing two or more isoquinoline compounds of claim 1, comprising the following steps:(a) attaching two or more amino-protected amino carboxylic acids to a solid support resin to obtain resin-bound amino carboxylic acids; (b) deprotecting the resin-bound amino carboxylic acids; (c) mixing the resin-bound amino carboxylic acids; (d) condensing the resin-bound amino-carboxylic acids with an aldehyde to form imines; (e) condensing the imines with a cyclic anhydride to form resin-bound isoquinolines; and (f) cleaving the isoquinolines from the resin,wherein the combinatorial library contains a plurality of mixtures of the isoquinoline compounds and further where in each mixture all compounds of the mixture have at least one substituent in common, wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, X and Y, with the proviso that not all the substituents are in common and that all other noncommon substituents are present as equimolar mixtures.
 6. A method for the preparation of the combinatorial library containing two or more isoquinoline compounds of claim 1, wherein X is carboxamide, comprising the following steps:(a) attaching two or more amino-protected amino carboxylics acid to a solid support resin to obtain a resin-bound amino carboxylic acids; (b) deprotecting the resin-bound amino carboxylic acids; (c) mixing the resin-bound amino carboxylic acids; (d) condensing the resin-bound amino-carboxylic acids with an aldehyde to form imines; (e) condensing the imines with a cyclic anhydride to form resin-bound isoquinolines; (f) mixing the resin-bound isoquinolines; (g) condensing the resin-bound isoquinolines with an agent selected from the group consisting of a substituted amine and aniline such that the resulting X substituent is a substituted carboxamide; and (h) cleaving the isoquinolines from the resin,wherein the combinatorial library contains a plurality of mixtures of the isoquinoline compounds and further where in each mixture all compounds of the mixture have at least one substituent in common, wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, X and Y, with the proviso that not all the substituents are in common and that all other noncommon substituents are present as equimolar mixtures. 